TABLE 2.
Pregnancy outcomes of AH compared to controls
| Outcome variable | AH (n=531) | Control (n=531) | OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy with abortive outcome | 14.1 | 7.7 | 1.97 (1.32–2.94) | 0.001 |
| Spontaneous abortion | 8.1 | 4.3 | 1.95 (1.16–3.28) | 0.011 |
| Edema spectrum | 19.8 | 12.6 | 1.71 (1.22–2.38) | 0.002 |
| Gestational hypertension only | 4.7 | 6.2 | 0.75 (0.44–1.27) | 0.280 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 9.0 | 5.1 | 1.86 (1.14–3.02) | 0.012 |
| Composite pre-eclampsiaa | 10.0 | 5.6 | 1.85 (1.16–2.95) | 0.009 |
| Maternal disorders predominantly related to pregnancy | 39.0 | 30.7 | 1.44 (1.12–1.86) | 0.005 |
| Early pregnancy hemorrhage | 8.1 | 4.7 | 1.78 (1.07–2.97) | 0.024 |
| Excessive vomiting | 7.5 | 3.2 | 2.46 (1.38–4.40) | 0.002 |
| Genitourinary infections | 5.3 | 2.4 | 2.22 (1.14–4.33) | 0.017 |
| Diabetes in pregnancy | 7.3 | 8.7 | 0.84 (0.64–1.30) | 0.429 |
| Other conditions related to pregnancyb | 28.4 | 19.0 | 1.69 (1.27–2.26) | <0.001 |
| Abnormality in antenatal screening | 4.9 | 3.4 | 1.47 (0.80–2.71) | 0.218 |
| Maternal care related to the fetus and amniotic cavity | 35.4 | 39.5 | 0.84 (0.65–1.07) | 0.163 |
| MC for malpresentation of fetus | 7.5 | 7.0 | 1.09 (0.68–1.73) | 0.723 |
| MC for abnormality of pelvic organs | 10.5 | 12.8 | 0.80 (0.55–1.17) | 0.252 |
| MC for known or suspected fetal abnormality and damage | 9.4 | 8.3 | 1.15 (0.75–1.76) | 0.517 |
| MC for other fetal problems | 19.6 | 16.8 | 1.21 (0.89–1.65) | 0.233 |
| Premature rupture of membranes | 3.6 | 4.1 | 0.86 (0.46–1.60) | 0.633 |
| Placental disorders | 5.1 | 2.8 | 1.83 (0.97–3.50) | 0.059 |
| False labor | 3.8 | 4.1 | 0.91 (0.49–1.68) | 0.753 |
| Complications of labor & delivery | 25.2 | 27.5 | 0.89 (0.68–1.17) | 0.403 |
| Preterm delivery | 4.3 | 3.4 | 1.29 (0.69–2.42) | 0.426 |
| Abnormal forces of laborc | 5.1 | 4.3 | 1.18 (0.67–2.08) | 0.562 |
| Umbilical complications | 6.4 | 6.0 | 1.07 (0.64–1.75) | 0.799 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 4.7 | 3.0 | 1.59 (0.84–3.01) | 0.152 |
| Abnormal fetal heart rate | 9.8 | 7.5 | 1.33 (0.87–2.05) | 0.191 |
| Any fetal stress in L&D | 11.1 | 9.0 | 1.26 (0.84–1.88) | 0.262 |
a
Includes pre-existing hypertension with pre-eclampsia (O11), pre-eclampsia (O14), and eclampsia (O15).
b
Other conditions related to pregnancy include but are not limited to excessive weight gain, low weight gain, and liver and biliary tract diseases.
c
Abnormal forces of labor include but are not limited to inadequate contractions, hypertonic contractions, and precipitous labor.
Abbreviations: AH, alcohol-associated hepatitis; L&D, labor and delivery; MC, maternal care.