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. 2025 Mar 7;16:55. doi: 10.1186/s13244-025-01931-9

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — IUS, CTE, endoscopic and surgical pathologic images of a 29-year-old male diagnosed with CMUSE. The patient was admitted due to melena and intermittent abdominal pain for 15 years. The blood test showed low hemoglobin count as low as 70 g/L. A, B Longitudinal sonogram of the involved intestine showing bowel wall thickening (0.6 cm) with clear stratification, segmental stricture of the lumen (solid white arrows) and mild dilation of proximal small intestine (dashed bracket); C color Doppler ultrasound showed longer linear vascularity on the intestinal wall (Limberg score: IV); D axial plane showed ileum involvement with CMUSE which demonstrated bowel wall thickening with mural enhancement, lumen narrowing (solid white arrows) and proximal intestinal dilatation (dashed bracket); E, F reconstructed coronal and sagittal planes showed two segmental ileum involvements with thickened bowel wall and mural enhancement (solid white arrows) and proximal intestinal dilatation (dashed bracket). G–I The transoral enteroscopy showed three centripetal circumferential strictures (solid white arrows) with shallow annular ulcers (dotted white arrow) in the ileum within a local range of 10–15 cm. G, H, and I show the first, second, and third stricture, respectively. J On the H&E staining of surgical specimen, there was a shallow ulcer (dotted white arrow) confined to mucosa and submucosa (magnification × 10). K Medium magnification showed no dysplasia and other obvious abnormalities in the mucosa around the lesion (magnification × 50)