Table 3.
Characteristics of Residents With New-Onset ICD-10-CM Diagnoses for COVID-19 and PPV of Diagnosis Codes, Identified in the EHR Problem List (n = 3685) for Residents Continuously Present in the Nursing Home for at Least 3 Days Before and After the Diagnosis Onset Date, Stratified by the Presence of Corresponding Positive Test Within 7 Days
| Characteristic | Corresponding Positive Test Within 7 Days |
No Corresponding Positive Test Within 7 Days |
χ2 P Value | PPV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (col %) | n (col %) | Estimate (95% CI) |
||
| Overall | 3395 | 290 | 92% (91%–93%) | |
| Date of onset | ||||
| Jan–Mar 2022 | 1210 (36) | 99 (34) | <.0001 | 92% (91%–94%) |
| Apr–Jun 2022 | 255 (8) | 10 (3) | 96% (94%–99%) | |
| July–Sep 2022 | 782 (23) | 18 (6) | 98% (97%–99%) | |
| Oct–Dec 2022 | 555 (16) | 76 (26) | 88% (85%–91%) | |
| Jan–Mar 2023 | 478 (14) | 68 (23) | 88% (85%–90%) | |
| Apr–Jun 2023 | 115 (3) | 19 (7) | 86% (79%–92%) | |
| Resident characteristics | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1245 (37) | 99 (34) | .4128 | 93% (91%–94%) |
| Female | 2150 (63) | 190 (66) | 92% (91%–93%) | |
| Age, y | ||||
| <65 | 483 (14) | 45 (16) | .4564 | 91% (89%–94%) |
| 65–74 | 822 (24) | 75 (26) | 92% (90%–94%) | |
| 75–84 | 1104 (33) | 81 (28) | 93% (92%–95%) | |
| >85 | 986 (29) | 89 (31) | 92% (90%–93%) | |
| Resident length of stay in the study period | ||||
| Short stay (≤90 d) | 881 (26) | 70 (24) | .4985 | 93% (91%–94%) |
| Long stay (>90 d) | 2514 (74) | 220 (76) | 92% (91%–93%) | |
| Previous COVID-19 diagnosis or positive | ||||
| SARS-CoV-2 test | ||||
| 15–90 d prior | 3 (0.09) | 17 (6) | <.0001 | 15% (0%–55%) |
| 90–180 d prior | 54 (2) | 4 (1) | 93% (86%–100%) | |
| >180 d prior | 737 (22) | 64 (22) | 92% (90%–94%) | |
| First listed | 2601 (77) | 205 (71) | 93% (92%–94%) | |
| Number of comorbidities* | ||||
| None | 1590 (47) | 148 (51) | .0760 | 91% (90%–93%) |
| 1–2 | 1152 (34) | 94 (32) | 92% (91%–94%) | |
| 3–4 | 587 (17) | 38 (13) | 94% (92%–96%) | |
| 5–6 | 66 (2) | 10 (3) | 87% (79%–95%) | |
Data are shown for incident-positive tests; a resident’s characteristics may be included more than once if they had multiple incident-positive tests; P values are for χ2 tests assessing differences between characteristics and presence of a corresponding positive test.
Comorbidities assessed include cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart conditions, immunocompromised state, chemotherapy, radiation, obesity, sickle cell disease, smoking, and diabetes.