Table 5.
List of plant species growing on the Dongchuan copper tailings in Yunnan, China.
| Family | Species | Abundance | Altitude (m) | Life form | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TD | YM | LNP | ||||
| Acanthaceae | Barleria cristata L. | F | D | – | 881 | Shrub |
| Lepidagathis incurva Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | O | – | – | 1,618 | Perennial grass | |
| Amaranthaceae | Alternanthera pungens H.B.K | – | O | – | 905 | Annual grass |
| Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson | F | D | – | 905 | Annual grass | |
| Chenopodium album L. | – | R | – | 906 | Annual grass | |
| Anacardiaceae | Pistacia chinensis Bunge | – | O | – | 882 | Tree |
| Asteraceae | Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R. M. King & H. Rob. | D | F | O | 1,958 | Perennial grass |
| Ageratina conyzoides L. | – | – | R | 906 | Annual grass | |
| Anaphalis nepalensis (Spreng.) Hand.-Mazz. | D | – | O | 2,882 | Perennial grass | |
| Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC. | D | F | F | 2,919 | Perennial grass | |
| Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Besser subf. intermedia Pamp. | F | – | D | 2,935 | Annual grass | |
| Aster albescens (DC.) Wall. ex Koehne | O | – | – | 2,871 | Shrub | |
| Bidens pilosa L. | R | F | O | 900 | Annual grass | |
| Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium Wimm. & Grab. | – | – | R | 936 | Perennial grass | |
| Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore | R | – | – | 1,616 | Annual grass | |
| Dichrocephala benthamii C. B. Clarke | R | – | – | 2,909 | Annual grass | |
| Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. | R | R | – | 1,620 | Biennial grass | |
| Erigeron canadensis L. | D | F | R | 1,958 | Annual grass | |
| Galinsoga parviflora Cav. | R | O | – | 883 | Annual grass | |
| Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex Maxim. | R | R | – | 913 | Perennial grass | |
| Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. | – | – | O | 2,919 | Perennial grass | |
| Picris hieracioides L. | O | – | O | 2,919 | Biennial grass | |
| Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderb. | R | – | – | 2,887 | Annual grass | |
| Senecioscandens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | R | – | – | 1,614 | Perennial grass | |
| Sonchus wightianus DC. | R | O | – | 913 | Perennial grass | |
| Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. | F | F | D | 1,602 | Perennial grass | |
| Apiaceae | Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. | – | – | R | 2919 | Perennial grass |
| Apocynaceae | Nerium oleander L. | – | D | R | 914 | Shrub |
| Bignoniaceae | Incarvillea arguta (Royle) Royle | D | R | – | 1,959 | Perennial grass |
| Boraginaceae | Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & Drummond | O | – | – | 1,613 | Perennial grass |
| Cannabaceae | Celtis tetrandra Roxb. | O | – | – | 1,948 | Tree |
| Caprifoliaceae | Leycesteria formosa Wall. | – | – | R | 2,917 | Shrub |
| Caryophyllaceae | Dianthus carthusianorum L. | – | – | F | 2,936 | Perennial grass |
| Coriariaceae | Coriaria nepalensis | – | D | R | 1,964 | Shrub |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus rotundus L. | F | D | – | 880 | Perennial grass |
| Equisetaceae | Equisetum hyemale L. | R | D | – | 880 | Perennial grass |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia heterophylla L. | R | – | – | 923 | Perennial grass |
| Jatropha curcas L. | – | D | – | 913 | Shrub | |
| Geraniaceae | Geraniumsibiricum L. | R | – | O | 1,967 | Annual grass |
| Gramineae | Apluda mutica L. | O | – | – | 1,961 | Perennial grass |
| Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino | O | R | O | 913 | Annual grass | |
| Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. | R | D | – | 928 | Perennial grass | |
| Festuca rubra L. | – | D | – | 881 | Perennial grass | |
| Festuca arioides Lam. | R | O | – | 882 | Perennial grass | |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. | R | D | – | 881 | Perennial grass | |
| Hydrangeaceae | Deutzia scabra Thunb. | R | – | – | 2,869 | Shrub |
| Hypericaeae | Hypericum monogynum L. | D | – | R | 2,926 | Shrub |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium megalanthum (Diels) C. Y. Wu & S. J. Hsuan ex H. W. Li | – | – | R | 2,883 | Perennial grass |
| Origanum vulgare L. | – | – | O | 2,877 | Perennial grass | |
| Salvia japonica Thunb. | O | – | R | 2,879 | Perennial grass | |
| Lardizabalaceae | Holboellia latifolia Wall. | – | R | – | 923 | Liana |
| Leguminosae | Indigofera pendula Franch. | – | O | – | 2,877 | Shrub |
| Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit | D | D | – | 888 | Tree | |
| Loganiaceae | Buddleja asiatica Lour. | R | – | O | 2,886 | Shrub |
| Malvaceae | Malva cathayensis M. G. Gilbert, Y. Tang & Dorr | D | R | – | 1,620 | Perennial grass |
| Sida yunnanensis S. Y. Hu | F | D | – | 1,608 | Shrub | |
| Moraceae | Ficus tikoua Bureau | – | O | – | 906 | Liana |
| Nephropteridae | Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl | R | O | – | 879 | Perennial grass |
| Nyctaginaceae | Boerhavia diffusa L. | – | O | – | 912 | Liana |
| Mirabilis jalapa L. | – | O | – | 910 | Annual grass | |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium blinii H. Lév. | R | – | F | 2,918 | Perennial grass |
| Epilobium hirsutum L. | – | – | O | 2,930 | Perennial grass | |
| Oxalidaceae | Oxalis corniculata L. | O | – | – | 1,958 | Perennial grass |
| Papaveraceae | Argemone mexicana L. | – | F | – | 936 | Annual grass |
| phytolaccaceae | Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. | O | – | – | 921 | Perennial grass |
| Plantaginaceae | Plantago depressa Willd. | R | – | R | 2,865 | Biennial grass |
| Poaceae | Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth | – | R | – | 963 | Perennial grass |
| Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. | R | F | – | 919 | Perennial grass | |
| Lolium perenne L. | – | F | – | 1,616 | Perennial grass | |
| Stipa capillata L. | R | D | – | 928 | Perennial grass | |
| Polygonaceae | Fagopyrum statice (H. Lév.) H. Gross | O | – | – | 921 | Perennial grass |
| Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara | – | R | – | 915 | Perennial grass | |
| Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson | D | R | – | 1,618 | Perennial grass | |
| Oxyria sinensis Hems | F | D | O | 1,959 | Perennial grass | |
| Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre | R | R | – | 2,877 | Perennial grass | |
| Rumex hastatus D. Don | D | D | R | 880 | Annual grass | |
| Rumex acetosa L. | – | R | D | 2,914 | Perennial grass | |
| Ranunculaceae | Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham. ex DC. | – | – | O | 2,861 | Perennial grass |
| Clematis florida Thunb. | O | – | – | 1,612 | Liana | |
| Thalictrum delavayi Franch. | – | – | F | 2,869 | Perennial grass | |
| Raspberry | Potentilla vesca (L.) Scop. | – | – | O | 2,879 | Perennial grass |
| Rubus rosifolius Sm. | O | – | – | 1,620 | Shrub | |
| Rubiaceae | Galium spurium L. | R | – | – | 887 | Perennial grass |
| Rubia mandersii Collett & Hemsl. | – | O | – | 934。 | Perennial grass | |
| Salicaceae | Salix balfouriana C. K. Schneid. | – | – | D | 2,882 | Tree |
| Scrophulariaceae | Buddleja davidii Franch. | R | – | D | 2,883 | Shrub |
| Buddleja officinalis Maxim. | – | – | D | 2,879 | Shrub | |
| Lindenbergia muraria (Roxb. ex D. Don) Brühl | – | R | – | 878 | Annual grass | |
| Pedicularis spicata Pall. | R | – | F | 2,881 | Annual grass | |
| Pedicularis verticillata L. | – | – | R | 2,882 | Perennial grass | |
| Solanaceae | Solanum erianthum D. Don | – | R | – | 936 | Tree |
| Solanum nigrum L. | – | F | – | 931 | Annual grass | |
| Urticaceae | Debregeasia squamata King ex Hook. f. | D | – | – | 1,958 | Liana |
| Verbenaceae | Verbena officinalis L. | – | R | – | 931 | Perennial grass |
| Violaceae | Viola philippica Cav. | – | – | R | 2,909 | Perennial grass |
| Vitaceae | Euphorbia humifusa Willd. ex Schltdl. | O | – | – | 929 | Annual grass |
D, dominant; F, frequent; O, occasional; R, rare; –, not existent.