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. 2025 Mar 9;15:8149. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91855-7

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics [ppb].

Compound Minimum Mean Median Maximum Standard deviation Skewness Estimated annual flow (kg) Hinwil* (Morf et al. 2013) Northern Italy* (Funari et al. 2015) Other studies* (Astrup et al. 2016) Earth’s crust content* (Haynes 1942) IBA Enrichment factors* (Buat-Menard & Chesselet 1979)
Ag 817.0 6,973.0 2,154.0 100,980.0 16,033.8 4.5 348.7 5,300 5,510  < 290 – 36,900 75 29
Au 12.7 313.9 47.1 7,281.6 1,171.9 5.0 15.7 400 410  < 110 – 2,200 4 12
Pd 1.4 41.3 18.0 731.0 102.4 5.9 2.1 NA NA 800–1,000 15 1
Pt 5.0 13.8 10.0 80.0 12.8 3.4 0.7 59 NA 74 – 530 5 2

*References: 18,21,46,5961.