Table 3.

Logistic Regression Analysis Results on Factors Associated with Hypertension Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratios with 95% CIs

Covariates	Categories	Hypertension		COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
		Yes	No
Age (in years)	< 50	63	143	Ref 4.82 (3.35–6.93)	<0.001	Ref 4.35 (2.78–6.81)	<0.001
	≥50	274	129
Gender	Male	229	208	Ref 1.53 (1.06–2.20)	0.020	Ref 1.73 (1.09–2.74)	0.019
	Female	108	64
Marital status	Currently married	232	105	Ref 1.33 (0.83–1.90)	0.28	-	-
	Currently unmarried	203	69
Residence	Rural	80	143	Ref 3.56 (2.52–5.03)	<0.001	Ref 1.30 (0.71–2.59)	0.240
	Urban	257	129
Educational status	Educated	67	60	Ref 1.14 (0.77–1.68)	0.511	-	-
	Uneducated	270	212
Employment status	Employed	64	58	Ref 1.20 (0.81–1.79)	0.350	-	-
	Unemployed	273	214
Household income	< 10,000	191	138	Ref 1.27 (0.92–1.75)	0.14	Ref 1.47 (0.97–2.23)	0.064
	≥ 10,000	146	134
Higher BMI	Yes	243	129	2.86 (2.04–4.01) Ref	<0.001	1.13 (0.84–1.67)Ref	0.353
	No	94	143
Time since diagnosis	< 5 years	110	146	Ref 2.39 (1.72–3.32)	<0.001	Ref 2.13 (1.37–3.31)	<0.001
	≥ 5 years	227	126
Physical activity	Yes	96	130	Ref 2.29 (1.63–3.21)	<0.001	Ref 1.08 (0.32–1.45)	0.121
	No	241	142
Smoking	Yes	56	40	1.15 (0.74–1.79) Ref	0.520	-	-
	No	281	232
Diabetes control status	Poor	229	123	2.56 (1.84–3.57) Ref	<0.001	1.80 (1.18–2.75) Ref	0.006
	Good	108	149
Depressive symptoms	Yes	276	146	3.90 (2.70–5.62) Ref	<0.001	3.25 (2.59–4.80) Ref	<0.001
	No	61	126

Note: Significant values are bold.

Abbreviations: COR, Crude Odds Ratio; AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval.