Table 4.
Potential T-lymphocyte-associated immunotherapies for CCA.
| Ref | Year | Country | Experimental methods | Tumor type | Treatment | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (102) | 2017 | China | clinical trial | CCA | CART cells targeting EGFR and CD133 | This patient achieved longer progression-free survival with CART-EGFR and CART133 therapy. |
| (103) | 2020 | Thailand | Cell culture experiment | CCA | CART cells targeting CD133 | Anti-CD133-CAR4T Cell Immunotherapy available to treat patients with CD133-Positive CCA tumor cells |
| (106) | 2021 | Thailand | Cell culture experiment | CCA | CART cells targeting MUC1 | Anti-MUC1-CAR4 T cells achieve anticancer effects on MUC1-expressing CCA cells by increasing the production of anti-tumor cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ), pro-apoptotic proteins (granzyme B), and by inducing lysis of CCA cells. |
| (107) | 2021 | Thailand | Cell culture experiment | CCA | CART cells targeting integrin αvβ6 | Anti-αvβ6-CAR T cells effectively kill αvβ6-positive CCA cells |
| (108) | 2023 | China | Cell culture experiment | ICC | CART cells targeting Tn-MUC1(5E5) | Anti-5E5-CAR T cells effectively eliminate Tn-MUC1-positive ICC cells in vitro and in vivo |
| (110) | 2023 | Thailand | Cell culture experiment | CCA | aM.CAR/SR T cells: anti-MUC1-CAR (aM.CAR) T cells containing SR molecules (PD-1-CD28) | aM.CAR/SR T cells were significantly more cytotoxic to CCA cells expressing MUC1 and PD-L1 |
| (111) | 2023 | China | Cell culture experiment | CCA | PTG-T16R-scFv-CAR-T cells | PTG-T16R-scFV-CAR-T cells knocking down the hexameric inhibitory molecule are highly immune to cholangiocarcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro |
| (97) | 2022 | Thailand | Cell culture experiment | CCA | Combination gemcitabine and PD-L1xCD3 bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) | BiTE significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes against CCA cells, especially after gemcitabine treatment, and the magnitude of cytotoxicity was positively correlated with the expression level of PD-L1 |
| (117) | 2023 | Thailand | Cell culture experimen | CCA | peptide vaccine | Peptide-pulsed DC-activated autologous HLA-A* 11:01-restricted T cells efficiently lysed KKU-213A (HLA-A*11:01) CCA cells compared to conventional tumor lysate-pulsed DC. |
| (121) | 2019 | China | clinical trial | CCA | allogenic γδ T cell immunotherapy | Allogeneic γδ T cell therapy positively modulated the peripheral blood immune function of the patients, reduced CCA tumor cell activity, and prolonged the life span of the patients. |
| (122) | 2024 | Thailand | Cell culture experimen | CCA | Vγ9Vδ2 T cells | Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can mediate cytotoxic effects on cholangiocarcinoma |