Table 1.
Baseline characteristics before and after 1:1 high-dimensional propensity score matching
| Unmatched groups | ASD | High-dimensional propensity score-matched groups | ASD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-ODT | ODT | Non-ODT | ODT | |||||||
| n = 11,813 | (%) | n = 3178 | (%) | n = 2246 | (%) | n = 2246 | (%) | |||
| Age | ||||||||||
| 65–74 | 1546 | (13) | 368 | (12) | 4.6 | 279 | (12) | 271 | (12) | 1.1 |
| ≥ 75 | 10,267 | (87) | 2810 | (88) | 4.6 | 1967 | (88) | 1975 | (88) | 1.1 |
| Male | 6406 | (54) | 1564 | (49) | 10.0 | 1112 | (50) | 1137 | (51) | 2.2 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Sarcoidosis | 26 | (0) | 1 | 0 | 6.3 | 1 | (0) | 1 | (0) | 0.0 |
| Diabetes | 6969 | (59) | 1333 | (42) | 34.7 | 973 | (43) | 986 | (44) | 1.2 |
| Hypoglycemia | 400 | (3) | 60 | (2) | 9.3 | 45 | (2) | 53 | (2) | 2.5 |
| Amyloidosis | 73 | (1) | 16 | (1) | 1.4 | 13 | (1) | 11 | (0) | 1.2 |
| Dementia | 3876 | (33) | 1210 | (38) | 11.1 | 819 | (36) | 819 | (36) | 0.0 |
| Parkinson’s disease or parkinsonian disorder | 1203 | (10) | 325 | (10) | 0.0 | 215 | (10) | 226 | (10) | 1.6 |
| Hypertension | 10,830 | (92) | 3021 | (95) | 13.7 | 2122 | (94) | 2112 | (94) | 1.9 |
| Myocardial infarction | 946 | (8) | 131 | (4) | 16.4 | 104 | (5) | 103 | (5) | 0.2 |
| Angina pectoris | 4938 | (42) | 910 | (29) | 27.9 | 679 | (30) | 691 | (31) | 1.2 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4211 | (36) | 679 | (21) | 31.9 | 511 | (23) | 507 | (23) | 0.4 |
| Heart failure | 8423 | (71) | 1861 | (59) | 26.9 | 1328 | (59) | 1341 | (60) | 1.2 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 11,813 | (100) | 3178 | (100) | 0.0 | 2246 | (100) | 2246 | (100) | 0.0 |
| Aspiration pneumonia | 4580 | (39) | 1358 | (43) | 7.9 | 1043 | (46) | 1086 | (48) | 3.8 |
| Other pneumonia | 5880 | (50) | 1558 | (49) | 1.6 | 912 | (41) | 903 | (40) | 0.8 |
| COPD | 810 | (7) | 206 | (7) | 1.6 | 136 | (6) | 133 | (6) | 0.6 |
| Asthma | 2656 | (23) | 579 | (18) | 10.7 | 425 | (19) | 428 | (19) | 0.4 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 8779 | (74) | 2142 | (67) | 15.2 | 1527 | (68) | 1524 | (68) | 0.3 |
| Achalasia | 197 | (2) | 48 | (2) | 1.6 | 42 | (2) | 35 | (2) | 2.4 |
| Disorder after digestive system treatment | 164 | (1) | 48 | (2) | 0.8 | 30 | (1) | 33 | (1) | 1.1 |
| Scleroderma | 46 | (0) | 8 | (0) | 1.7 | 3 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 0.0 |
| Sjögren’s syndrome | 410 | (4) | 91 | (3) | 3.4 | 60 | (3) | 68 | (3) | 2.0 |
| Renal failure | 3103 | (26) | 618 | (19) | 16.5 | 505 | (22) | 469 | (21) | 3.9 |
| Other specified symptoms and signs involving the digestive system and abdomen | 2330 | (20) | 748 | (24) | 9.2 | 484 | (22) | 481 | (21) | 1.3 |
| Antiepileptic drugs | 3325 | (28) | 925 | (29) | 2.2 | 608 | (27) | 619 | (28) | 1.1 |
| Parkinson’s disease drugs | 174 | (2) | 45 | (1) | 0.8 | 29 | (1) | 30 | (1) | 0.4 |
| Hypnotic | 7857 | (67) | 1968 | (62) | 9.6 | 1417 | (63) | 1396 | (62) | 2.1 |
| Rehabilitation for cerebrovascular diseases | 7350 | (62) | 2101 | (66) | 8.1 | 1484 | (66) | 1462 | (65) | 2.1 |
| Nasal feeding | 2827 | (24) | 1005 | (32) | 17.3 | 616 | (27) | 601 | (27) | 1.5 |
| Tracheotomy | 160 | (1) | 51 | (2) | 1.6 | 32 | (1) | 33 | (1) | 4.3 |
| Oral care for preoperative periods | 439 | (4) | 119 | (4) | 0.0 | 82 | (4) | 75 | (3) | 1.7 |
ASD absolute standardized difference, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ODT orally disintegrating tablet