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. 2025 Mar 10;16:2125. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-56123-2

Table 2.

Size ratios between feeding and breeding grounds

Feeding: calving Feeding: breeding Summer: winter
North Atlantic
 Humpback 2.77 2.77 0.57
 Right 25.5 22.5 0.80
North Pacific
 Humpback 2.42 1.13 0.83
 Gray 46.0 14.5 4.20
Southern Hemisphere
 Humpback 5.12 2.04 0.52
 Right 18.2 9.11 4.92

The feeding-to-calving ratio represents the overlap between known calving grounds with winter observations, the most constrained of assumptions. Column two, feeding to breeding, includes breeding areas that were found in the literature and have a wider distribution in the winter. The summer-to-winter ratio includes all data points in the winter and has the lowest ratio, presumably because it includes whales that don’t migrate or those that arrive late or depart early, thus extending the winter range. Feeding ground (summer) observations are consistent throughout.