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. 2025 Feb 25;16:1519180. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1519180

TABLE 3.

Test between subject effect changes in outcomes within treatment groups.

Variables Between-subjects effects Pairwise comparison
F Sig.b η2 Treatment groups Mean difference Std. Error Sig.b 95% CID
Lower bound Upper bound
FBG 10.651 0.001 0.571 AT-RT 8.376 2.032 0.002 2.945 13.808
AT-CT 5.837 1.936 0.025 0.661 11.012
RT-CT −2.540 2.444 NS −9.073 3.993
IR 8.957 0.002 0.528 AT-RT 0.410 0.101 0.003 0.139 0.680
AT-CT 0.211 0.096 NS −0.047 0.469
RT-CT −0.199 0.122 NS −0.524 0.127
SBP 6.33 0.009 0.442 AT-RT 1.415 0.915 NS −1.032 3.862
AT-CT 4.457 0.872 0.000 2.125 6.789
RT-CT 3.042 1.101 0.042 0.099 5.986
DBP 4.849 0.023 0.377 AT-RT 1.084 2.005 NS −4.276 6.443
AT-CT 3.349 1.910 NS −1.758 8.456
RT-CT 2.265 2.412 NS −4.181 8.712
WHR 16.175 0.001 0.594 AT-RT −0.140 0.029 0.001 −0.218 −0.062
AT-CT 0.066 0.028 NS −0.008 0.140
RT-CT 0.206 0.035 0.000 0.112 0.300

Note: FBG: fastening blood glucose; IR: insulin resistance; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure and WHR: waist to hip ratio; NS: not significant. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: average daily energy intake = 2671.5620.