Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2025 Jan 27;26(5):1290–1314. doi: 10.1038/s44319-025-00374-z

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the data associated with this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data, but does not extend to the graphical or creative elements of illustrations, charts, or figures. This waiver removes legal barriers to the re-use and mining of research data. According to standard scholarly practice, it is recommended to provide appropriate citation and attribution whenever technically possible.

PMC Copyright notice

(A) The percent of parental (WT) and RAD54L2 knockout cells displaying BLM nuclear foci following control (open circles) or HU treatment (4 mM HU for 24 h; closed circles) is plotted for three replicates. Where indicated by closed circles, cells were transfected with RAD54L2 or RAD54L2-K311R. Horizontal bars indicate the means. n = 3 biological replicates. Comparing WT + HU to RAD54L2^KO + HU, p = 1.6 × 10⁻⁵; WT + HU to RAD54L2^KO + RAD54L2 + HU, p = 0.14; WT + HU to RAD54L2^KO + RAD54L2-K311R + HU, p = 1.5 × 10⁻⁵; all calculated with a two-sided Student’s t-test. (B) The number of SCEs per metaphase is plotted for parental (WT) and RAD54L2 knockout cells. Where indicated by closed circles, cells were transfected with RAD54L2 or RAD54L2-K311R. The replicates are indicated by the different colors, and the mean SCEs for each replicate is indicated by the filled circles. The mean of each pair of replicates is indicated by the horizontal bars. n = 2 biological replicates. (C) Fluorescence micrographs of representative parental (WT), BLM knockdown (siBLM), and RAD54L2 knockout (RAD54L2^KO) anaphase cells, as quantified in panel D. Cells were stained with DAPI to illuminate the nuclear DNA and with antibodies to PICH to illuminate ultrafine anaphase bridges. Scale bars are 10 µm. (D) The percent of mitoses with ultrafine anaphase bridges is plotted for parental (WT), BLM knockdown (siBLM), and RAD54L2 knockout (RAD54L2^KO) cells. Horizontal bars indicate the means. n = 3 biological replicates. Comparing WT to siBLM, p = 4.5 × 10⁻⁵; WT to RAD54L2^KO, p = 5.0 × 10⁻³; both calculated with a two-sided Student’s t-test. (E) Model of the role of RAD54L2 in dissolution of DNA repair intermediates by BTRR. See text for details. Source data are available online for this figure.