Table 1.
Participant characteristics at exam 1 by group of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet score, among South Asian adults in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study, 2010–2013 (n = 871)
| Characteristic | Total study population (n = 871) |
DASH score 13–20 (lowest) (n = 162) |
DASH score 21–28 (n = 542) |
DASH score 29–35 (highest) (n = 167) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic information | |||||
| Age (y) (mean (SD)) | 55.5 (9.3) | 53.6 (9.6) | 56.1 (9.4) | 55.6 (8.9) | 0.02 |
| Women (n (%)) | 408 (46.8) | 51 (31.5) | 256 (47.2) | 101 (60.5) | <0.0001 |
| Percent of life lived in US (mean (SD)) | 48.3 (16.5) | 50.9 (16.7) | 48.2 (16.7) | 46.1 (15.3) | 0.03 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher (n (%)) | 764 (87.7) | 132 (81.5) | 479 (88.4) | 153 (91.6) | 0.02 |
| Income >$100K (n (%)) | 534 (63.2) | 100 (62.1) | 320 (61.7) | 114 (69.1) | 0.22 |
| Acculturation strategies (n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Assimilation | 263 (30.2) | 75 (46.3) | 148 (27.3) | 40(24) | |
| Separation | 157(18) | 25 (15.4) | 102 (18.8) | 30(18) | |
| Integration | 451 (51.8) | 62 (38.3) | 292 (53.9) | 97 (58.1) | |
| Diet and behavioural factors | |||||
| Energy intake (mean (SD)) | 1,687.8 (510.4) | 1,667.8 (537.8) | 1,653.9 (508.1) | 1,817.4 (471.3) | 0.001 |
| Smoked ever (former/current) (n (%)) | 146 (16.8) | 44 (27.2) | 87 (16.1) | 15 (9.0) | <0.0001 |
| ≥1 drink alcohol per week (n (%)) | 283 (32.5) | 81 (50.0) | 163 (30.1) | 29 (23.4) | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity a (n (%)) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Poor | 134 (15.4) | 38 (23.5) | 82 (15.1) | 14 (8.4) | |
| Intermediate | 171 (19.6) | 43 (26.5) | 102 (18.8) | 26 (15.6) | |
| Ideal | 566 (65.0) | 81 (50.0) | 358 (66.1) | 127 (76.1) | |
| TV minutes/week (Median (IQR)) | 420 (630) | 420 (630) | 520 (630) | 420 (660) | 0.63 |
| ≥1 hour of TV per day | 532 (51.1) | 101 (62.4) | 328 (60.5) | 103 (61.7) | 0.90 |
a
Typical Week’s Activity Survey (Poor indicates no activity; Intermediate indicates 1–149 minutes of moderate or 1–74 minutes of vigorous activity per week; Ideal indicates ≥150 minutes of moderate or ≥75 minutes of vigorous activity per week.
P-values were estimated by analysis of variance for continuous variables and Pearson’s chi-square for categorical variables.