Table 2.
Participant characteristics by behavioural risk factors, among South Asian adults in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study, 2010–2013 (n = 871)
| Characteristic | Total study population (n = 871) | No behavioural risk factors(n = 130) | One behavioural risk factor (n = 352) | Two behavioural risk factors (n = 268) | 3–4 behavioural risk factors (n = 121) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic information | ||||||
| Age (y) (mean (SD)) | 55.5 (9.3) | 52.7 (8.9) | 56.2 (9.3) | 54.7 (9.4) | 58.6 (8.8) | <0.0001 |
| Women (n (%)) | 408 (46.8) | 59 (45.4) | 162 (46.0) | 137 (51.1) | 105 (86.8) | <0.0001 |
| Percent of life lived in US (mean (SD)) | 48.3 (16.5) | 44.2 (15.0) | 49.3 (16.9) | 49.0 (17.1) | 48.0 (15.2) | 0.02 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher (n (%)) | 764 (87.7) | 124 (95.4) | 306 (86.9) | 229 (85.5) | 105 (86.8) | 0.03 |
| Income >$100K (n (%)) | 534 (63.2) | 92 (72.4) | 198 (58.6) | 172 (65.7) | 72 (61.0) | 0.03 |
| Acculturation strategies (n (%) | 0.02 | |||||
| Assimilation | 263 (30.2) | 32 (24.6) | 90 (25.6) | 96 (35.8) | 45 (37.2) | |
| Separation | 157 (18) | 22 (16.9) | 71 (20.2) | 49 (18.3) | 15 (12.4) | |
| Integration | 451 (51.8) | 76 (58.5) | 191 (54.3) | 123 (45.9) | 61 (50.4) | |
| Diet and behavioural factors | ||||||
| Energy intake (mean (SD)) | 1,687.8 (510.4) | 1,619.1 (534.1) | 1,668.3 (447.1) | 1,698.3 (525.7) | 1,795.5 (531.7) | 0.04 |
| DASH diet score (mean (SD)) | 24.6 (4.4) | 26.0 (4.1) | 25.4 (4.1) | 23.8 (4.1) | 22.4 (4.6) | <0.0001 |
| DASH diet score (n (%)) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Category 1: 13–20 | 162 (18.6) | 13 (10.0) | 42 (11.9) | 62 (23.1) | 45 (37.2) | |
| Category 2: 21–28 | 542 (62.2) | 84 (64.6) | 225 (63.9) | 170 (63.4) | 63 (52.1) | |
| Category 3: 29–35 | 167 (19.2) | 33 (25.4) | 85 (24.2) | 36 (13.4) | 13 (10.7) |
P-values were estimated by analysis of variance for continuous variables and Pearson’s chi-square for categorical variables.