Table 1.
Group Differences in Demographic, Clinical, Cognitive, and Functional Variables
| MDD (n = 84) | BD (n = 27) | Healthy Volunteer (n = 90) | F or Chi Square | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 57.70 (6.81) | 57.11 (7.66) | 57.56 (7.01) | 0.08 |
| Sex | 13.49* | |||
| Female | 64 (76,19) | 19 (70.37) | 45 (50.00) | |
| Male | 20 (23.91) | 8 (29.63) | 45 (50.00) | |
| Race | 4.55 | 10.02 | ||
| White | 65 (77.38) | 20 (74.07) | 60 (66.67) | |
| Black | 10 (11.90) | 4 (14.81) | 16 (17.78) | |
| Asian | 5 (5.95) | 0 (0.00) | 7 (7.78) | |
| More than 1 race | 1 (1.19) | 1 (3.70) | 6 (6.67) | |
| Other | 3 (3.57) | 2 (7.41) | 1 (1.11) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.93 | 0.83 | ||
| Hispanic | 6 (8.33)) | 1 (3.70) | 8 (8.89) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 78 (92.86) | 26 (96.30) | 82 (91.11) | |
| HAMD | 6.04 (3.82) | 5.00 (4.61) | 1.02 (2.05) | 53.27* |
| YMRS | 0.81 (1.42) | 1.44 (2.36) | 0.18 (0.66) | 10.10* |
| PTQ | 26.90 (12.35) | 31.33 (14.83) | 9.70 (10.30) | 60.53* |
| WCST | 46.07 (0.30) | 44.04 (13.80) | 48.73 (15.16) | 1.61 |
| MCCB | 46.46 (24.06) | 45.35 (7.04) | 50.26 (7.01) | 1.53 |
| RRS Reflection | 10.10 (3.27) | 10.33 (3.16) | 6.58 (2.07) | 41.26* |
| RRS Brooding | 10.31 (3.67) | 12.00 (4.67) | 6.46 (1.82) | 48.12* |
| SAS | 2.27 (0.54) | 2.40 (0.65) | 1.64 (0.34) | 46.50* |
| SWLS | 18.58 (8.01) | 16.11 (7.53) | 25.20 (6.76) | 24.72* |
Note: Data represented as Mean (SD) or N (%);
*
p<.001; HAMD = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale; PTQ = Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire; WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Task Perseverative Errors T-Score; MCCB = Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery Composite T-Score; RRS Reflective = Rumination Response Scale- Reflection subscale; RRS Brooding = Rumination Response Scale- Brooding subscale; SAS = Social Adjustment Scale- Self Report; SWLS = Satisfaction With Life Scale.