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. 2025 Feb 25;90(9):3257–3268. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02837

Table 7. Gibbs Free Energies of Complexation (in kcal mol–1), Equilibrium Constants, and Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution (%) in Water at pH = 7.4.

Species Forma Site ΔG Ki M-B
His mono uni C11 –0.8 3.86 × 10° 0.49
C12 –1.6 1.39 × 101 1.78
bi C11C12 –3.9 7.38 × 102 94.68
bis C11C12 –1.9 2.37 × 101 3.04
His2– mono uni C11b - - -
C12 –20.6 1.35 × 1015 0.00
bi C11–C12 –27.3 9.79 × 1019 0.00
bis C11–C12 –45.1 1.18 × 1033 100.00
a

The nomenclature follows standard coordination chemistry conventions.

b

The complex does not form. Instead, it optimizes into the C4” form.