TABLE 4.
Patient Psychiatric and SUD Diagnoses Associated with Substance Use Counseling (Early Start) or Treatment (AMRS) Among Those Identified as Needing Substance Use Counseling or Treatment (n = 10,469)*
| Early Start Counseling (Only) | AMRS† | No Intervention | Early Start Counseling vs No Intervention | AMRS† vs No Intervention | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | aOR (95% CI) | P Value | aOR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Psychiatric diagnosis, yes vs no | ||||||||||
| ADHD | 229 | 2.5 | 9 | 8.2 | 31 | 2.4 | 0.96 (0.66, 1.42) | 0.854 | 2.98 (1.39, 6.42) | 0.005 |
| Anxiety disorder | 1643 | 18.1 | 40 | 36.4 | 244 | 18.9 | 1.05 (0.89, 1.23) | 0.559 | 2.42 (1.58, 3.70) | <0.001 |
| Bipolar disorder | 210 | 2.3 | 13 | 11.8 | 33 | 2.6 | 0.83 (0.56, 1.22) | 0.344 | 4.10 (2.04, 8.27) | <0.001 |
| Depressive disorder | 1679 | 18.5 | 44 | 40.0 | 226 | 17.5 | 1.16 (0.98, 1.36) | 0.083 | 3.06 (2.02, 4.64) | <0.001 |
| Personality disorder | 111 | 1.2 | 3 | 2.7 | 16 | 1.2 | 1.01 (0.57, 1.76) | 0.985 | 1.82 (0.49, 6.77) | 0.370 |
| PTSD | 238 | 2.6 | 12 | 10.9 | 40 | 3.1 | 0.91 (0.63, 1.32) | 0.631 | 3.84 (1.89, 7.77) | <0.001 |
| Psychotic disorder | 50 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.9 | 10 | 0.8 | 0.78 (0.40, 1.54) | 0.477 | 1.20 (0.16, 9.22) | 0.859 |
| SUD diagnosis, yes vs no | ||||||||||
| Alcohol use disorder | 200 | 2.2 | 17 | 15.5 | 25 | 1.9 | 0.98 (0.63, 1.51) | 0.910 | 7.06 (3.60, 13.86) | <0.001 |
| Cannabis use disorder | 607 | 6.7 | 28 | 25.5 | 95 | 7.4 | 0.98 (0.77, 1.25) | 0.887 | 4.28 (2.58, 7.10) | <0.001 |
| Opioid use disorder | 66 | 0.7 | 19 | 17.3 | 4 | 0.3 | 2.75 (0.96, 7.92) | 0.061 | 70.64 (21.58, 231.17) | <0.001 |
| Stimulant use disorder | 103 | 1.1 | 14 | 12.7 | 15 | 1.2 | 1.16 (0.65, 2.08) | 0.617 | 13.71 (6.21, 30.27) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco use disorder | 1261 | 13.9 | 43 | 39.1 | 157 | 12.2 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.43) | 0.093 | 4.38 (2.86, 6.70) | <0.001 |
*Each psychiatric and SUD diagnosis examined in a separate multivariable GEE multinomial logistic model adjusted for age, self-reported race/ethnicity, neighborhood deprivation index, insurance payor, parity, length of pregnancy, calendar year, trimester at ES assessment, and frequency of cannabis use.
†AMRS can also include Early Start counseling.
AMRS indicates Addiction Medicine and Recovery Services; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; SUD, substance use disorder.