Table 2.

Treatment of NB due to lumbar spine diseases.

Category	Method
Conservation treatment	Bladder reflex trigger, behavioral training, penis sleeves and external urinary collectors, and modifying drinking habits
Drug therapy
Anticholinergics	Darifenacin, fesoterodine, oxybutynin, propiverine, solifenacin, tolterodine and trospium chloride
β3 adrenergic receptor agonists	Mirabegron and vibegron
Alpha-adrenergic antagonists	Tamsulosin and terazosin
Intracavitary perfusion therapy	Oxybutynin, capsaicin and its analogs and local anesthetic buprocaine hydrochloride
Others	Desmopressin, potassium channel opener and neurokinin receptor antagonist
Urethral catheterization treatment	Clean intermittent catheterization, indwelling urethral catheters, suprapubic catheters and external condom catheters
Surgical treatment
Procedures to expand bladder capacity	Botulinum toxin bladder wall injection/bladder chemoprotection and bladder dilation
Procedures to increase urethral control	Artificial urethral sphincter implantation, periurethral filler injection, urethral sling and femoral thin muscle urethral myoplasty
Modalities to manage voiding disorders	Neuromodulation, external urethral sphincterotomy and CUD

NB, neurogenic bladder; CUD, continuous urinary diversion.