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. 2025 Feb 26;13:1519430. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1519430

Table 4.

Means, standard deviations, and one-way ANOVA statistics for study variables.

NP (n = 101) HP (n = 120) OP (n = 125)
M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) F(2,343) η2 Significant differences (post hoc)
Recovery capital 3.93 (0.75) 4.69 (0.67) 4.26 (0.71) 31.01*** 0.15 HP > NP, OP; OP > NP
Time in recovery 3.41 (1.92) 4.15 (1.92) 3.72 (1.75) 4.34* 0.02 HP > NP
Depression 9.03 (5.63) 5.42 (4.80) 9.42 (5.81) 19.53*** 0.10 HP < NP, OP
Anxiety 8.44 (5.96) 4.99 (5.59) 8.17 (5.59) 12.79*** 0.07 HP < NP, OP
Life satisfaction 15.71 (7.46) 22.04 (7.63) 20.27 (7.58) 19.79*** 0.10 NP < HP, OP

*p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. ANOVA, Analysis of Variance; NP, Non-passionate; HP, Harmoniously passionate; OP, Obsessively passionate. Games-Howell tests run post hoc.