Table 3.
Differences between intervention arms in exercise motivation, barriers to exercise, self-efficacy, and social support.
| Comparison | Mean difference | 95% CI | Hedges g | ||
| Exercise motivation | |||||
| Intrinsic regulation | |||||
| IP100a vs IP50b | 0.11 | –0.45 to 0.68 | 0.14 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25c | 0.15 | –0.47 to 0.79 | 0.16 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.29 | –0.32 to 0.91 | 0.34 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.04 | –0.58 to 0.67 | 0.04 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.17 | –0.43 to 0.79 | 0.21 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.13 | –0.53 to 0.81 | 0.14 | ||
| Identified regulation | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 0.10 | –0.61 to 0.39 | –0.15 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.03 | –0.52 to 0.59 | 0.05 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.24 | –0.29 to 0.79 | 0.36 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.14 | –0.41 to 0.69 | 0.16 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.35 | –0.19 to 0.90 | 0.48 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.21 | –0.38 to 0.81 | 0.23 | ||
| Introjected regulation | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 0.17 | –0.80 to 0.46 | –0.18 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.13 | –0.57 to 0.83 | 0.12 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.01 | –0.70 to 0.67 | –0.02 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.30 | –0.40 to 1.00 | 0.29 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.15 | –0.84 to 0.53 | 0.16 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.15 | –0.60 to 0.90 | –0.14 | ||
| External regulation | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 0.25 | –0.72 to 0.20 | –0.36 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.008 | –0.52 to 0.50 | 0.00 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.08 | –0.59 to 0.41 | –0.13 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.24 | –0.26 to 0.76 | 0.31 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.16 | –0.33 to 0.67 | 0.21 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.08 | –0.47 to 0.63 | –0.11 | ||
| Amotivation | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 0.10 | –0.35 to 0.15 | –0.23 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.03 | –0.31 to 0.24 | –0.12 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.03 | –0.30 to 0.24 | –0.11 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.06 | –0.21 to 0.34 | 0.15 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.06 | –0.20 to 0.34 | 0.14 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.00 | –0.29 to 0.29 | 0.00 | ||
| Barriers to exercise | |||||
| Priority | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 0.07 | –0.25 to 0.39 | 0.13 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.10 | –0.25 to 0.46 | 0.21 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.06 | –0.41 to 0.28 | –0.16 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.03 | –0.32 to 0.39 | 0.06 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.13 | –0.48 to 0.21 | –0.27 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.17 | –0.55 to 0.21 | –0.37 | ||
| Practical | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 0.06 | –0.17 to 0.30 | 0.17 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.05 | –0.21 to 0.32 | 0.15 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.13 | –0.39 to 0.12 | –0.38 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.009 | –0.27 to 0.25 | –0.03 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.19 | –0.46 to 0.06 | –0.48 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.18 | –0.47 to 0.09 | –0.49 | ||
| Health-related | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 0.02 | –0.23 to 0.28 | 0.08 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.09 | –0.38 to 0.19 | –0.27 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.08 | –0.36 to 0.19 | –0.24 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.12 | –0.41 to 0.16 | –0.31 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.11 | –0.39 to 0.16 | –0.29 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.008 | –0.29 to 0.31 | 0.02 | ||
| Affective-cognitive | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 0.01 | –0.20 to 0.16 | –0.03 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.05 | –0.25 to 0.15 | –0.24 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.09 | –0.29 to 0.10 | –0.36 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.03 | –0.23 to 0.16 | –0.13 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.08 | –0.28 to 0.11 | –0.24 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.04 | –0.26 to 0.17 | –0.16 | ||
| Self-efficacy | |||||
| Sticking to exercise | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 0.10 | –0.45 to 0.65 | 0.12 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.04 | –0.65 to 0.57 | –0.05 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.17 | –0.42 to 0.77 | 0.24 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.14 | –0.75 to 0.47 | –0.14 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.07 | –0.52 to 0.67 | 0.08 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.21 | –0.44 to 0.86 | 0.24 | ||
| Making time for exercise | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 0.07 | –0.68 to 0.54 | –0.07 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.24 | –0.92 to 0.43 | –0.26 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.20 | –0.87 to 0.46 | –0.23 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.17 | –0.85 to 0.51 | –0.16 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 0.13 | –0.80 to 0.53 | –0.13 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.04 | –0.69 to 0.77 | 0.04 | ||
| Social support | |||||
| IP100 vs IP50 | 1.45 | –6.63 to 3.72 | –0.17 | ||
| IP100 vs IP25 | 0.69 | –6.43 to 5.04 | –0.09 | ||
| IP100 vs controls | 0.37 | –5.97 to 5.23 | –0.05 | ||
| IP50 vs IP25 | 0.76 | –4.97 to 6.50 | 0.09 | ||
| IP50 vs controls | 1.08 | –4.52 to 6.69 | 0.13 | ||
| IP25 vs controls | 0.32 | –5.80 to 6.45 | 0.04 | ||
aIP100: in-person exercise coaching 100%.
bIP50: in-person exercise coaching 50%.
cIP25: in-person exercise coaching 25%.