STZ	Streptozotocin
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
CREB	Cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BACE1	Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
MWM	Morris water maze
OGTT	Oral glucose tolerance tests
AUC	Area under the curve
FBG	Fasting blood glucose
PBG	Postprandial blood glucose
ITT	Insulin tolerance tests
H&E	Hematoxylin–eosin
GSP	Glycosylated serum protein
HOMA-IR	Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
qRT-PCR	Quantitative real-time PCR
SDS-PAGE	Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
BCA	Bicinchoninic acid
PVDF	Polyvinylidene fluoride
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
IRS	Insulin receptor substrates
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
AKT	Protein kinase B
APP	Amyloid precursor protein
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
GC	Gas chromatography
CON	Control group
MG	Methylglyoxal
NaB	Sodium butyrate
NC	Normal diet control
DM	Diabetes mellitus
CM	Conventional-dose metformin
LM	Low dose metformin
HT	Hesperetin
LM+HT	Low dose metformin+hesperetin
CCK-8	Cell counting kit-8
DG	Dentate gyrus
GSEA	Gene set enrichment analysis
KEGG	Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes
FINS	Fasting insulin