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. 2025 Feb 25;26(5):1976. doi: 10.3390/ijms26051976
UHPLC ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography
MS mass spectrometry
MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry (MS2)
HCC hepatocellular carcinoma
m/z mass-to-charge ratio
RT retention time
ITUM isotope tracing untargeted metabolomics