TABLE 7.

Objective Biomarker and Grip Strength Measures (Pre- to 12-Week Post-Test)

	Measurement Session
	Pre-Test M (SD)	12Wk-Test M (SD)	T Statistic (df)	P *	Cohen d
Body mass index	29.3 (4.3)	29.2 (4.7)	0.86 (33)	0.198	0.03
Fat percentage	27.8 (9.2)	28.2 (9.8)	−1.01 (33)	0.160	0.06
Heart rate Average	70.6 (12.7)	71.1 (13.8)	−0.33 (33)	0.371	0.04
Systolic blood pressure	128.4 (14.0)	124.9 (12.5)	2.04 (33)	0.025	0.27
Diastolic blood pressure	82.2 (10.5)	83.0 (10.8)	−0.56 (33)	0.289	0.08
Blood pressure medication†	0.0 (0.2)	0.1 (0.3)	−1.44 (33)	0.081	0.28
Left hand grip Strength (mean)	50.4 (13.9)	50.1 (14.7)	−0.69 (33)	0.249	0.04
Rt. hand grip Strength (mean)	52.6 (13.8)	52.9 (15.0)	−0.26 (33)	0.397	0.02

N = 34; 1 participant left out of analyses due to nonwork-related injury/hospitalization.

^*One-tailed values were calculated by dividing two-tailed P values in half.

^†Blood pressure medication was a dichotomous variable with 0 = “no” and 1 = “yes.”