| AA | Acetic acid |
| ADF | Acid detergent fiber |
| BA | Butyric acid |
| BC | Buffering capacity |
| CFA | Crude fat |
| CP | Crude protein |
| CRC | Crimson clover |
| DM | Dry matter |
| DMY | Dry matter yield |
| IR | Italian ryegrass |
| LA | Lactic acid |
| LSD | Least significant difference |
| ME | Metabolizable energy |
| N | Nitrogen |
| Nmin | Soil mineral nitrogen |
| NDF | Neutral detergent fiber |
| NEL | Net energy of lactation |
| NIRS | Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy |
| RC | Red clover |
| WCCs | Winter cover crops |
| WSC | Water-soluble carbohydrate |
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