Figure 1.

A-B: History of malaria in Peru. Before 1960, there was P. vivax, P. malariae and a very limited number of P. falciparum cases. After DDT campaigns stopped in the 1960's, malaria went from a low annual parasitaemia incidence (API = 1000*slide positive/population), limited to the northern costal regions, to a high level in 1995 (A: directly from Roberts et al[1], with permission). In 1991 P. vivax reemerged and in 1994 P. falciparum emerged in Loreto. An epidemic ensued, focused near the capital city of Loreto, Iquitos, and a hypoendemic continues (B).