Skip to main content
. 2025 Mar 1;18(5):1121. doi: 10.3390/ma18051121
Symbol Abbreviations
T Temperature
ε˙ Strain rate
F Deformation gradient
Fe Elastic component of deformation gradient
Fp Plastic component of deformation gradient
L Velocity gradient tensor
Le Elastic component of velocity gradient tensor
Lp Plastic component of velocity gradient tensor
L~p pull-back of the plastic velocity gradient to β~
β~ locally stress-free intermediate configuration
γ˙a shearing rate on the α-slip system
n potential slip system’s number
Sa Schmid tensor (=m0a  n0a), m0α and n0α are orthogonal to each other
m0a Slip plane direction
n0a Slip plane normal
mα Slipping direction
nα Equivalent slip plane normal
Se The second Paola-Kirchhoff stress tensor
σ Cauchy stress tensor
E The elastic Green-Lagrange strain tensor
Ce The elastic right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor
I Identity tensor
θ The absolute temperature (K)
τα The resolved shear stress tensor
b The magnitude of the Burgers vector
ρα The mobile dislocations density on the α slip system.
v¯α The average velocity of mobile dislocations on the α slip system.
v¯ The average dislocation velocity
lf The average distance between each obstacle on the slip plane.
tw The waiting time for a dislocation to surpass the local obstacles.
vD The Debye frequency
kB The Boltzmann constant
G The difference in the activation-free enthalpy when the dislocation segment moves from the stable configuration to the unstable configuration
γ˙0 The reference slip rate
c The fraction of the shearing rate by the total dislocation
L The mean free path
yc The critical annihilation distance for canceling out the two dislocations with opposite polarities
ρα The total dislocation density
ρeα Edge dislocation component
ρsα Screw dislocation component
ρ˙iα The dislocation density evaluation, where: i=e,s
y^s The reference critical annihilation distance
a Constant = 0.001
b Constant = 8.617E-5
STα The total athermal slip resistance parameters
b The Burgers vector’s magnitude
μ The shear modulus,
λ For identifying the deviations from the regular spatial arrangements of dislocation density
hαβ The matrix of dislocation interaction
δαβ The Kronecker delta
ω1, ω2 The interaction coefficients
R correlation coefficient
AARE average absolute relative error
RMSE root mean square error
N The total number of points included in the analysis
σEi The experimental stress values
σPi The predicted stress values
σ¯E The mean values of experimental stress
σ¯P The mean values of predicted stress
σa The athermal activation flow stress
σth The thermal activation flow stress.
BCC Body-centered cubic
FCC face-centered cubic
C0,C1, C2, C3, C4,C5, n material constants
T The testing temperature
σ Von-Mises flow stress
ε equivalent plastic strain
ε˙r reference strain rates
ε· the ratio between the testing ε ˙ and ε˙r (ε·=ε ˙ε˙r)
Tr Reference temperatures
T The difference between testing T and Tr (T=TTr)
m2, m1,C2,C1,B3,B2,B1,A material constants
TS1 TS1=TTrTmTr
Tm The melting temperature of AA6082 Al-Mg-Si
Ai constants correlate with the εi
εi representing the strain-hardening component
Cij constants associate with the ε·
mijk constants related to the softening parameter T