TABLE 1.
Demographics and Injury Characteristics Across Achieving Hemostasis Based Upon a Nadir Transfusion Velocity Versus Not Achieving Hemostasis
| Achieved Hemostasis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | All (N = 1,047) | Yes (n = 898) | No (n = 149) | p |
| Age, y | 35.0 [26.0–49.0] | 35.0 [26.0–50.0] | 32.0 [25.0–42.0] | 0.11 |
| Sex, male | 840 (80.2) | 713 (79.4) | 127 (85.2) | 0.10 |
| Race | 0.27 | |||
| White | 511 (48.8) | 440 (49.0) | 71 (47.7) | |
| Black | 364 (34.8) | 317 (35.3) | 47 (31.5) | |
| Other | 172 (16.4) | 141 (15.7) | 31 (20.8) | |
| Injury mechanism | ||||
| Blunt | 413 (39.4) | 358 (39.9) | 55 (36.9) | 0.49 |
| Fall | 50 (4.8) | 44 (4.9) | 6 (4.0) | 0.64 |
| Machinery | 3 (0.3) | 3 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.48 |
| MVC occupant ejected | 29 (2.8) | 28 (3.1) | 1 (0.7) | 0.09 |
| MVC occupant not ejected | 156 (14.9) | 139 (15.5) | 17 (11.4) | 0.20 |
| MVC motorcyclist | 72 (6.9) | 64 (7.1) | 8 (5.4) | 0.43 |
| MVC cyclist | 6 (0.6) | 5 (0.6) | 1 (0.7) | 0.86 |
| MVC pedestrian | 49 (4.7) | 33 (3.7) | 16 (10.7) | <0.01 |
| MVC ATV | 9 (0.9) | 8 (0.9) | 1 (0.7) | 0.79 |
| MVC not otherwise specified | 9 (0.9) | 7 (0.8) | 2 (1.3) | 0.49 |
| Struck by or against | 22 (2.1) | 18 (2.0) | 4 (2.7) | 0.59 |
| Other | 24 (2.3) | 22 (2.4) | 2 (1.3) | 0.40 |
| Penetrating | 655 (62.6) | 559 (62.2) | 96 (64.4) | 0.61 |
| Firearm | 472 (45.1) | 399 (44.4) | 73 (49.0) | 0.30 |
| Impalement | 8 (0.8) | 8 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.25 |
| Stabbing | 123 (11.7) | 107 (11.9) | 16 (10.7) | 0.68 |
| Other | 57 (5.4) | 50 (5.6) | 7 (4.7) | 0.66 |
| Transfer origin | <0.01 | |||
| Scene | 849 (81.1) | 741 (82.5) | 108 (72.5) | |
| Outside ED | 198 (18.9) | 157 (17.5) | 41 (27.5) | |
| ISS | 22.0 [13.0–33.0] | 21.0 [13.0–32.0] | 26.0 [10.0–36.0] | 0.047 |
| >15 | 721 (70.2) | 616 (70.2) | 105 (70.5) | 0.94 |
| TBI (CT diagnosed) | 142 (13.6) | 131 (14.6) | 11 (7.4) | 0.02 |
| Head AIS | 0.00 [0.00–1.00] | 0.00 [0.00–2.00] | 0.00 [0.00–0.00] | 0.04 |
| >2 | 208 (20.3) | 187 (21.3) | 21 (14.1) | 0.04 |
| Chest AIS | 2.00 [0.00–3.00] | 2.00 [0.00–3.00] | 3.00 [0.00–4.00] | 0.01 |
| >2 | 458 (44.6) | 379 (43.2) | 79 (53.0) | 0.02 |
| Abdomen AIS | 3.00 [0.00–4.00] | 3.00 [0.00–4.00] | 3.00 [0.00–4.00] | 0.02 |
| >2 | 549 (53.5) | 463 (52.7) | 86 (57.7) | 0.3 |
| Extremity AIS | 2.00 [0.00–3.00] | 2.00 [0.00–3.00] | 0.00 [0.00–3.00] | <0.01 |
| >2 | 369 (36.0) | 328 (37.4) | 41 (27.7) | 0.02 |
| GCS | 14.0 [3.00–15.0] | 14.0 [6.00–15.0] | 10.0 [3.00–15.0] | <0.01 |
| <9 | 319 (30.8) | 250 (28.1) | 69 (47.6) | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 100 [80.0–120] | 100 [82.0–119] | 110 [70.0–137] | 0.78 |
| <90 mm Hg | 356 (34.5) | 300 (33.6) | 56 (39.7) | 0.16 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 110 [89.0–128] | 110 [89.0–128] | 109 [87.0–130] | 0.72 |
| >100 bpm | 633 (60.7) | 545 (61.0) | 88 (59.1) | 0.65 |
| Shock index | 1.07 [0.82–1.37] | 1.08 [0.83–1.37] | 0.97 [0.72–1.38] | 0.11 |
| Any prehospital blood product | 348 (33.2) | 285 (31.7) | 63 (42.3) | 0.01 |
| Red blood cells | 248 (23.7) | 200 (22.3) | 48 (32.2) | <0.01 |
| Plasma | 67 (6.4) | 56 (6.2) | 11 (7.4) | 0.60 |
| Platelets | 28 (2.7) | 22 (2.4) | 6 (4.0) | 0.27 |
| Whole blood | 117 (11.2) | 98 (10.9) | 19 (12.8) | 0.51 |
| Any prehospital tranexamic acid | 50 (4.8) | 43 (4.8) | 7 (4.7) | 0.96 |
| Any prehospital crystalloid | 534 (51.0) | 462 (51.4) | 72 (48.3) | 0.48 |
| Prehospital/ED intubation | 401 (39.0) | 321 (36.4) | 80 (54.4) | <0.001 |
| Prehospital/ED CPR | 86 (8.4) | 55 (6.2) | 31 (21.5) | <0.001 |
| Prehospital pelvic binder | 78 (7.4) | 69 (7.7) | 9 (6.0) | 0.48 |
Data are presented as n (%) or median [Q1–Q3].
ATV, all terrain vehicle; bpm, beats per minute; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CT, computed tomography; ED, emergency department; MVC, motor vehicle crash.