TABLE 4.
Demographic and Injury Measures by Resuscitation Type
| Measure | LTOWB (n = 623) | Component (n = 424) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 35.0 [26.0–51.0] | 35.0 [24.0–47.0] | 0.14 |
| Sex, male | 545 (87.5) | 295 (69.6) | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.01 | ||
| White | 279 (44.8) | 232 (54.7) | |
| Black | 225 (36.1) | 139 (32.8) | |
| Other | 119 (19.1) | 53 (12.5) | |
| Injury mechanism | |||
| Blunt | 253 (40.6) | 160 (37.7) | 0.35 |
| Fall | 29 (4.7) | 21 (5.0) | 0.82 |
| Machinery | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0.80 |
| MVC occupant ejected | 14 (2.2) | 15 (3.5) | 0.21 |
| MVC occupant not ejected | 94 (15.1) | 62 (14.6) | 0.84 |
| MVC motorcyclist | 53 (8.5) | 19 (4.5) | 0.01 |
| MVC cyclist | 4 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | 0.72 |
| MVC pedestrian | 26 (4.2) | 23 (5.4) | 0.35 |
| MVC ATV | 5 (0.8) | 4 (0.9) | 0.81 |
| MVC not otherwise specified | 6 (1.0) | 3 (0.7) | 0.66 |
| Struck by or against | 14 (2.2) | 8 (1.9) | 0.69 |
| Other | 16 (2.6) | 8 (1.9) | 0.47 |
| Penetrating | 386 (62.0) | 269 (63.4) | 0.63 |
| Firearm | 281 (45.1) | 191 (45.0) | 0.99 |
| Impalement | 6 (1.0) | 2 (0.5) | 0.37 |
| Stabbing | 71 (11.4) | 52 (12.3) | 0.67 |
| Other | 31 (5.0) | 26 (6.1) | 0.42 |
| Transfer origin | <0.01 | ||
| Scene | 528 (84.8) | 321 (75.7) | |
| Outside ED | 95 (15.2) | 103 (24.3) | |
| ISS | 22.0 [14.0–33.0] | 21.0 [10.0–34.0] | 0.18 |
| >15 | 443 (72.7) | 278 (66.5) | 0.03 |
| TBI (CT diagnosed) | 99 (15.9) | 43 (10.1) | <0.01 |
| Head AIS | 0.00 [0.00–2.00] | 0.00 [0.00–0.00] | 0.19 |
| >2 | 133 (21.8) | 75 (17.9) | 0.13 |
| Chest AIS | 2.00 [0.00–3.00] | 2.00 [0.00–3.00] | 0.05 |
| >2 | 283 (46.5) | 175 (41.9) | 0.14 |
| Abdomen AIS | 3.00 [0.00–4.00] | 3.00 [0.00–4.00] | 0.24 |
| >2 | 320 (52.5) | 229 (54.8) | 0.48 |
| Extremity AIS | 2.00 [0.00–3.00] | 2.00 [0.00–3.00] | 0.73 |
| >2 | 220 (36.2) | 149 (35.6) | 0.84 |
| GCS | 14.0 [3.00–15.0] | 15.0 [7.00–15.0] | <0.01 |
| <9 | 210 (34.3) | 109 (25.7) | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 98.0 [80.0–118] | 104 [82.0–122] | 0.16 |
| <90 mm Hg | 218 (35.6) | 138 (32.9) | 0.37 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 110 [89.5–130] | 108 [88.0–126] | 0.37 |
| >100 bpm | 373 (60.2) | 260 (61.6) | 0.64 |
| Shock index | 1.09 [0.84–1.40] | 1.01 [0.80–1.33] | 0.01 |
| Any prehospital blood product | 224 (36.0) | 124 (29.2) | 0.02 |
| Red blood cells | 127 (20.4) | 121 (28.5) | <0.01 |
| Plasma | 35 (5.6) | 32 (7.5) | 0.21 |
| Platelets | 12 (1.9) | 16 (3.8) | 0.07 |
| Any prehospital tranexamic acid | 35 (5.6) | 15 (3.5) | 0.12 |
| Any prehospital crystalloid | 309 (49.6) | 225 (53.1) | 0.27 |
| Prehospital/ED intubation | 259 (42.6) | 142 (33.7) | <0.01 |
| Prehospital/ED CPR | 54 (9.0) | 32 (7.6) | 0.44 |
| Prehospital pelvic binder | 47 (7.5) | 31 (7.3) | 0.89 |
Data are presented as n (%) or median [Q1–Q3].
ATV, all terrain vehicle; MVC, motor vehicle crash.
bpm, beats per minute; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CT, computed tomography; ED, emergency department.