Table 2.
Literature related to VR in adapted sports.
| Article | Country | Participants | N (sex) | Types of VR systems | Sports | During | Test index | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (20) | Netherlands | Chronic (≥ 6 months) stroke patients | 10 (no specific) | The Nintendo Wii the Wii remote (wireless) the Nunchuk | Tennis and boxing | 30 min | Oxygen uptake heart rate (HR) Fat free mass Pulmonary ventilation Respiratory exchange rate Metabolic equivalent (MET) perceived exertion |
The mean energy expenditure during Wii Sports game play was 3.7 (± 0.6) MET for tennis and 4.1 (± 0.7) MET for boxing |
| (19) | Canada | Hemiplegic cerebral palsy | 15 (10 M, 5F) | “Wii Sports” package with the Wii Remote and Nunchuck (Nintendo, Inc.). |
boxing | 16 min | Oxygen consumption (VO2) MET energy expenditure HR perceived xertion |
Moderate levels of physical activity were obtained during both multiplayer and solo play with no significant differences in energy levels or HR observed |
| (46) | Brazil | Chronic hemiparetic stroke | 12 (10 M, 2F) | console Xbox 360 + Kinect | tennis and boxing | 38 min | HR VO2 Anaerobic Threshold (AT) Respiratory Compensation Point (RCP) |
Heart rate during virtual reality games was similar to AT and significantly lower than RCP (p ≤ 0.05), while VO2 was significantly lower than AT and RCP (p < 0.05). |
| (47) | Brazil | Paraplegic individuals with spinal cord injury | 8 (all men) | Xbox360+ Kynect® consolee | tennis and boxing | 41 min | HR VO2 AT RCP |
Mean energy expenditure during the active video games sessions was 2.4 METS, characterizing a low-intensity aerobic exercise. |
| (48) | Norway | Spinal cord injuries who rely on wheelchairs | 24 (22 M, 2F) | X-box Kinect Nintendo Wii VR Oculus Rift |
boxing | 45 min | peak oxygen uptake Peak heart rate |
Approximately 30 of the 45 min of exergaming was performed at moderate or high intensity. |
| (49) | Poland | Wheelchair boxers with different types of disabilities | 11 (all men) | Oculus Quest 2 wireless VR headset VR glasses and controllers |
boxing | 30 min | Percentage of maximal heart rate (%HRmax) Average exercise heart rate (HRave) Perceived exertion Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale |
The exercise intensity of the athletes during wheelchair boxing training in VR is at a beneficial moderate level for health (HRave = 68.98% HRmax) |