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. 2025 Feb 27;19:1531163. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1531163

Table 2.

Annual volumetric changes in the CLAD group.

3 year period (n = 8) 1 year (n = 28) 2 year (n = 17) 3 year (n = 8)
Mean p value Std Mean p value Std Mean p value Std Mean p value Std
BrainSeg -1.132 0.149 1.978 -0.699 0.012 1.378 -0.428 0.096 0.998 -0.073 0.901 1.611
TotalGray −2.192 0.095 3.216 −0.100 0.779 1.863 −0.879 0.031 1.648 0.527 0.486 2.026
Cortex −2.492 0.120 3.976 0.069 0.728 2.262 −0.935 0.057 2.175 0.090 0.895 1.866
SubCortGray −0.863 0.294 2.154 −0.408 0.206 1.667 −0.360 0.046 0.687 0.270 0.751 2.310
Cerebellar cortex −1.477 0.418 4.857 −0.592 0.171 2.226 −0.846 0.078 1.850 2.318 0.170 4.289
WM total 0.153 0.547 6.354 −1.646 0.005 4.035 0.035 0.970 3.829 −0.710 0.516 2.934
Cerebral WM 0.371 0.547 6.639 −1.708 0.003 4.195 0.056 0.953 3.890 −0.753 0.480 2.854
Cerebellar WM −3.836 0.050 4.593 −0.322 0.840 8.353 −0.292 0.885 8.197 0.453 0.888 8.740
WM-hypo −9.371 0.163 17.019 −4.197 0.268 19.655 9.703 0.027 22.650 8.251 0.742 28.164
Hippocampus 2.366 0.005 1.637 0.945 0.077 2.719 −0.525 0.361 2.303 0.930 0.341 2.573
Thalamus 0.277 0.896 5.770 0.116 0.863 3.538 −0.256 0.552 1.734 −0.109 0.933 3.550
Amygdala 0.022 0.990 4.682 −0.105 0.868 3.322 −0.540 0.498 3.212 2.312 0.178 4.370
VentralDC −2.980 0.017 2.716 −1.280 0.037 3.085 −0.777 0.167 2.215 0.227 0.805 2.500
Accumbens-area −6.264 0.109 9.638 −2.625 0.161 9.638 −0.008 0.995 5.622 −3.086 0.314 8.048
Pallidium 0.392 0.932 12.521 0.075 0.955 7.008 −1.774 0.118 4.428 0.586 0.814 6.778
Putamen −0.739 0.763 6.655 −0.194 0.778 3.611 0.730 0.240 2.464 0.297 0.818 3.520
Caudate −2.897 0.231 6.249 −1.536 0.157 5.577 −0.596 0.332 2.454 0.099 0.952 4.482
CC 8.216 0.742 28.027 −0.932 0.652 10.834 0.599 0.747 3.769 4.350 0.353 12.367
Lateral ventricle 12.643 0.081 17.576 4.177 0.056 10.057 1.943 0.124 4.939 3.587 0.360 10.368
VentricleChoroidVol 11.106 0.101 16.662 3.799 0.099 9.893 1.912 0.040 4.918 3.098 0.412 10.051
CSF −2.492 0.534 10.772 −0.559 0.451 8.656 1.446 0.351 6.206 −2.194 0.063 2.815

Statistically significant changes are marked in green.