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. 2025 Feb 27;19:1531163. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1531163

Table 3.

Annual volumetric changes in the ALEM group.

3 year period (n = 7) 1 year (n = 13) 2 year (n = 14) 3 year (n = 10)
Mean p value Std Mean p value Std Mean p value Std Mean p value Std
BrainSeg −1.164 0.049 1.253 −0.376 0.093 0.742 −0.111 0.651 0.900 −0.675 0.227 1.647
TotalGray 0.259 0.833 3.114 −0.042 0.916 1.406 −0.272 0.566 1.727 0.809 0.144 1.599
Cortex 1.279 0.452 4.209 0.405 0.430 1.791 −0.581 0.074 2.162 1.376 0.035 1.756
SubCortGray −2.462 0.105 3.415 −1.585 0.003 1.576 −0.064 0.510 1.724 −0.090 0.880 1.819
Cerebellar cortex −2.167 0.217 4.154 −1.095 0.033 1.902 0.739 0.271 2.404 −0.723 0.262 1.908
WM total −2.988 0.208 5.597 −0.745 0.083 1.420 0.190 0.124 2.448 −2.581 0.098 4.421
Cerebral WM −3.069 0.215 5.852 −0.706 0.113 1.488 0.311 0.124 2.433 −2.881 0.069 4.417
Cerebellar WM −1.074 0.589 4.989 −1.040 0.382 4.129 −2.466 0.163 6.240 3.374 0.135 6.494
WM-hypo −21.566 0.016 22.796 3.848 0.455 20.104 −0.246 0.950 14.376 −22.972 0.012 23.322
Hippocampus −3.572 0.101 4.887 −3.525 0.004 3.627 −0.372 0.634 2.862 0.439 0.695 4.567
Thalamus 1.192 0.702 7.869 0.231 0.735 3.597 1.001 0.875 5.567 0.813 0.468 3.395
Amygdala −7.926 0.008 5.345 −3.041 0.049 4.994 0.092 0.331 5.911 −1.193 0.245 3.034
VentralDC −3.303 0.010 2.360 −1.447 0.091 2.842 −0.054 0.221 3.867 −1.557 0.097 2.654
Accumbens-area 5.376 0.578 14.602 3.084 0.521 16.817 −1.197 0.537 7.063 2.157 0.539 10.693
Pallidium −4.770 0.404 14.058 −4.078 0.027 10.468 2.818 0.331 10.945 −3.485 0.284 9.666
Putamen 0.172 0.961 8.829 3.276 0.168 8.656 −2.935 0.074 7.745 3.193 0.232 9.270
Caudate −0.937 0.375 11.167 −5.298 0.013 9.567 0.224 0.510 8.234 1.669 0.294 4.732
CC 5.517 0.642 29.867 5.689 0.340 26.378 4.072 0.730 22.834 −1.240 0.592 7.061
Lateral ventricle 3.588 0.715 24.781 3.442 0.103 7.025 −0.015 0.245 12.254 1.322 0.492 12.160
VentricleChoroidVol 3.682 0.713 25.263 4.243 0.032 6.318 0.354 0.177 12.164 1.243 0.432 12.734
CSF −11.271 0.109 15.828 −1.078 0.713 10.335 1.733 0.087 17.304 −3.072 0.478 13.124

Statistically significant changes are marked in green.