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. 2025 Feb 27;16:1321712. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1321712

TABLE 4.

Results of the descriptive statistics of cognitive engagement.

Data sources Dimension of measurement Question feedback Sample size Average value Standard deviation
Questionnaire Cognitive engagement No feedback 30 18.70 3.39
Simple feedback 30 19.17 2.90
Elaborated feedback 31 20.45 2.81
Brain wave instrument Concentration No feedback 30 44.88 3.69
Simple feedback 30 48.45 3.76
Elaborated feedback 31 47.33 4.97
Eye movement meter Total gaze duration No feedback 30 58.94 9.62
Simple feedback 30 68.07 11.98
Elaborated feedback 31 72.48 8.67
Total number of looks No feedback 30 256.27 36.80
Simple feedback 30 306.70 48.52
Elaborated feedback 31 311.13 45.74