Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the studies—videoconference interventions for people with chronic conditions.

Category and subcategory			Inclusion criteria		Exclusion criteria
Participants
	Adults aged ≥18 years	Adults aged ≥18 years		Dyads of parents and children aged <18 years
	Community dwelling	Community dwelling (eg, private home, supported housing, or group homes)		Individuals living in a hospital, long-term care facilities, or mental health facilities
	One or more chronic conditions	Having at least one chronic or medically at-risk condition requiring ongoing medical attention for >1 year; the condition must impact activities of daily living (eg, heart condition, diabetes, obesity, or knee arthroplasty)		Caregivers as the focus of the intervention Health professionals or trainees as the focus of the intervention No indication of chronic conditions (eg, inactive adults, people seeking psychological consultations, smokers, and veterans)
Program technology and format
	One-on-one	Individual meeting in which the service provider saw 1 client or 1 client with their adult companion or caregiver		Group videoconference or one videoconference with multiple individuals at the same time (eg, educational session for multiple people)
	Synchronous	Concurrent presence of the client or client and adult companion or caregiver and service provider in real time		Programs delivered completely asynchronously
	Videoconferencing at home	Internet-based communication through transmitted audio and video signals; the client is located at home (for RCTsa, at least one arm had to meet this criterion)		Communication via telephone call only or combining telephone call and videoconferencing Videoconferencing outside the client’s home (eg, community center or clinics) Information transmission through virtual reality, robotic interventions, or platforms without interaction (eg, electronic monitoring system or automatic graphical feedback)
Intervention program content and features
	Structured program	Interventions with a stated goal or purpose and a structure (topics, modules, frequency, and duration of sessions)		Diagnostic and assessment-focused studies Routine care or follow-up sessions without structured intervention modules
	Active client participation	Evidence of active client participation (eg, verbal, physical, or cognitive), including coaching and healthy behavior monitoring		Studies that only asked participants to listen to a lecture or read study materials (passive educational approach)

^aRCT: randomized controlled trial.