Table 3.
Intervention effects on performance-based measures by fall-risk category.
|
|
Total (n=82 except where noted) | Low (n=48 except where noted) | Moderate (n=34 except where noted) | ||||||||
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Preintervention, mean (SD) | Postintervention, mean (SD) | P value | Preintervention, mean (SD) | Postintervention, mean (SD) | P value | Preintervention, mean (SD) | Postintervention, mean (SD) | P value | ||
| Kyphotic index (%) | 11.4 (3.4) | 10.7 (3.5) | .007 a | 11.4 (3.5) | 10.8 (3.3) | .20 | 11.4 (3.3) | 10.5 (3.8) | .008 | ||
| Kyphotic angle (degrees) | 40.3 (11.9) | 37.7 (13.7) | .005 | 40.3 (10.9) | 38 (11.2) | .02 | 40.2 (13.6) | 37.3 (17.3) | .008 | ||
| OWDb—normal stance (cm) | 4.8 (3.8) | 3.5 (3.8) | <.001 | 3.9 (3.4) | 2.7 (3.2) | .004 | 6.1 (4) | 4.7 (4.3) | <.001 | ||
| OWD—tall stance (cm) | 2.5 (3.0) | 1.6 (2.7) | <.001 | 1.8 (2.7) | 0.8 (2.1) | .002 | 3.6 (3.3) | 2.8 (2.9) | .01 | ||
| 30-Second Chair Stand (repetitions) | 12.9 (4.9) | 14.3 (5.3) | .006 | 14.7 (4.4) | 15.6 (5.1) | .44 | 10.1 (4.3) | 12.3 (5.0) | .002 | ||
| Grip combined (kg) | 47.8 (13.8) | 47.6 (14.4) | .54 | 47.9 (14.1) | 47.1 (14.1) | .18 | 47.8 (13.7) | 48.1 (15.0) | .60 | ||
| Isometric leg strength extension (kg) (n=26 with/19 low and 7 moderate) | 199 (80.6) | 206 (79.1) | .02 | 196.1 (84.6) | 193.7 (65.7) | .07 | 213.4 (62.1) | 253.3 (112.6) | .11 | ||
| Isometric leg strength flexion (kg) (n=26 with/19 low and 7 moderate) | 93.9 (42.9) | 98.7 (41.1) | .13 | 94.2 (45) | 97.0 (37.7) | .29 | 92.3 (34.5) | 105.2 (56.0) | .20 | ||
| Isometric trunk strength extension (kg) (n=26 with/19 low and 7 moderate) | 70.3 (28.1) | 83.0 (40.0) | .03 | 72.5 (28.5) | 90.9 (38.0) | .01 | 64.6 (28.1) | 61.8 (40.6) | .75 | ||
| Isometric trunk strength flexion (kg) (n=26 with/19 low and 7 moderate) | 43.9 (21.1) | 51.8 (20.4) | <.001 | 45.5 (19.8) | 54.1 (17.9) | .002 | 39.7 (25.4) | 45.9 (26.4) | .16 | ||
| SPPBc (scored from 0 to 12) | 11 (1.4) | 11.2 (1.2) | .13 | 11.5 (0.9) | 11.5 (1.0) | .40 | 10.2 (1.6) | 10.8 (1.4) | .02 | ||
| Timed Up and Go (seconds) | 6.9 (1.7) | 6.7 (1.5) | .004 | 6.3 (1.2) | 6.1 (1.2) | .02 | 7.9 (1.9) | 7.5 (1.6) | .09 | ||
| Postural sway (cm) | 91.4 (31.1) | 92.6 (35) | .43 | 88.4 (27) | 86.8 (25.7) | .98 | 96.7 (37.2) | 101.5 (44.8) | .16 | ||
| Distance during 2.5-minute walk (m) | 196.3 (30.7) | 193.1 (31.6) | .18 | 209.2 (29.2) | 202.5 (29.9) | .05 | 179.9 (24.5) | 181.0 (33.4) | .75 | ||
aValues in italics format indicate statistically significant values with a P value of less than .05.
bOWD: occiput to wall distance.
cSPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery.