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. 2025 Feb 20;20:e03. doi: 10.15420/ecr.2024.17

Table 2: Commonly Used Frailty Scores in Direct Oral Anticoagulant Trials in Older AF Patients.

Claims-based frailty index Groningen Frailty Indicator Makizako’s Japanese Frailty Indicator

  • Impaired mobility

  • Depression

  • Congestive heart failure

  • Parkinson’s disease

  • White race

  • Arthritis (any type)

  • Cognitive impairment

  • Charlson comorbidity index (>0.0)

  • Stroke

  • Paranoia

  • Chronic skin ulcer

  • Pneumonia

  • Male sex

  • Skin and soft tissue infection

  • Mycoses

  • Age (in 5-year categories)

  • Admission in past 6 months

  • Gout or other crystalinduced arthropathy

  • Falls

  • Musculoskeletal problems

  • Urinary tract infection

  • Mobility domain

  • Vision & hearing domain

  • Nutrition domain

  • Comorbidity domain

  • Cognition & psychosocial domain

  • Physical fitness domain

  • Weight loss

  • Grip strength

  • Walking speed

  • Exhaustion

  • Activity level

The claims-based frailty index definition81 was used in the ARISTOPHANES substudy, while the Groningen Frailty Indicator82 was used in the FRAIL-AF study. The ELDERCARE AF substudy used the Frailty Indicator by Makizako et al. 2015.44