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. 2025 Jan 21;12(10):2407574. doi: 10.1002/advs.202407574

Figure 1.

Figure 1

EV isolation and typing from Healthy, Diabetes, and DFU skin tissues. A) Schematic of EV isolation protocol from human skin tissue. B) Protein level of EVs was evaluated using a BCA protein assay kit (n = 3). C) Size distribution of EV particles. D) Schematic diagram of EXO/MV, MDV, PEV, and AB biomarkers. E) Bivariate dot‐plots of EVs using nanoflow cytometry and dual immunofluorescent staining with CD63/CD41 and TOM20/Annexin V. F) Quantitative analysis of nanoflow. G) Heat map of the protein microarray, displaying the expression level of EVs biomarkers in the samples. H) Quantitative analysis of EV biomarkers (n = 3). I) Western blot analysis of EVs extracted from skin tissue. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA. *: p < 0.05, ns: p > 0.05.