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. 2025 Feb 28;16:1520777. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1520777

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Copyright © 2025 Leung, Qu, Ye and Zhong

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Five splice variants of human OPN and gene mapping. Figure 1 shows the full DNA sequence and isoforms of human OPN. (A) The human OPN gene contains a total of 8 exons, with the 7th exon containing two important structural domains and a cleavage site. (B) The OPN-a isoform contains 7 exons, and 894 bp are translated into a 298 aa peptide. (C) The OPN-b isoform contains 6 exons, and 852 bp are translated into a 284 aa peptide. (D) The OPN-c isoform contains 6 exons, and 813 bp are translated into a 271 aa peptide. (E) The OPN-4 isoform contains 5 exons, and 771 bp are translated into a 257 aa peptide. (F) The OPN-5 isoform contains all 8 exons, and 672 bp are translated into a 224 aa peptide. CDS, coding sequence; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases.