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. 2025 Mar 13;8:158. doi: 10.1038/s41746-025-01526-0

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics for all participants stratified by all-cause mortality (ACM)

ACM No-ACM P-value
N (%) 651 (6.2) 9829 (93.8)
Age [years] 71 (63, 79) 64 (56, 73) <0.001
Male 398 (61.1) 5347 (54.4) <0.001
BMI [kg/m2] 27 (24, 32) 29 (25, 33) <0.001
Hypertension 417 (64.1) 5758 (58.6) 0.007
Diabetes mellitus 230 (35.3) 2454 (25.0) <0.001
Dyslipidemia 329 (50.5) 4756 (48.4) 0.307
Smoking 125 (19.2) 1862 (18.9) 0.913
Family history of CAD 135 (20.7) 2636 (26.8) <0.001
Prior CAD
 Prior Myocardial Infarction 69 (10.6) 681 (6.9) <0.001
 Past PCI 126 (19.4) 1382 (14.1) <0.001
 Past CABG 84 (12.9) 552 (5.6) <0.001
CT Quantitative Image Analysis Parameters
 DL CAC score 353 (25, 1718) 48 (0, 652) <0.001
 DL EAT volume [mL] 143 (93,198) 130 (90, 182) 0.003
 DL EAT density [HU] −65 (−69, −60) −65 (−70, −61) <0.001
MPI Acquisition Parameters
 Stress Test Type <0.001
 Exercise 156 (24.0) 4576 (46.6)
 Pharmacological 495 (76.0) 5253 (53.4)
 Peak Stress Heart Rate 93 (79, 116) 114 (90, 146) <0.001
 Peak stress systolic blood pressure 130 (114, 150) 149 (128, 170) <0.001
 Peak stress diastolic blood pressure 70 (62, 80) 80 (70, 87) <0.001
 ECG response to stress <0.001
 Negative 518 (79.6) 7492 (76.2)
 Positive 52 (8.0) 1115 (11.3)
 Equivocal 11 (1.7) 444 (4.5)
 Nondiagnostic 69 (10.6) 755 (7.9)
 Borderline 1 (0.2) 9 ( < 0.1)
MPI quantitative image analysis parameters
 Stress ejection fraction 58 (45, 68) 64 (56, 72) <0.001
 Stress end diastolic volume 93 (70, 130) 83 (64, 110) <0.001
 Stress shape index end diastolic 0.60 (0.56, 0.65) 0.58 (0.53, 0.62) <0.001
 Stress total perfusion deficit 4.4 (1.7, 9.9) 2.5 (0.8, 5.8) <0.001

Values are presented as N (%) or median (IQ1, IQ3).

BMI body mass index, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CAC coronary artery calcium, CAD coronary artery disease, CT computed tomography, DL deep learning, EAT epicardial adipose tissue; ECG electrocardiogram, HU Hounsfield units, MPI myocardial perfusion imaging, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention.