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. 2025 Mar 13;20:5. doi: 10.1186/s13021-025-00291-7

Table 1.

GDP, population, and agricultural land growth under the baseline scenario

(Source: CEPII and GTM)

Real GDP (%) Population (%) Agricultural land (%)
Oceania 52.7 24.0 27.6
China 189.8 0.8 0.0
Japan 20.6 − 10.4 − 34.9
East Asia 46.0 − 2.6 − 1.1
Southeast Asia 138.5 15.0 11.7
South Asia 308.6 17.8 12.8
Canada 41.3 15.2 2.6
United States 38.6 10.6 − 0.5
Central America 74.1 18.3 16.7
Brazil 20.8 7.8 13.9
Other Latin America 64.8 15.8 25.8
Western & Central Europe 25.4 0.9 4.5
Other Europe 113.1 8.7 3.1
Russia 41.8 − 4.7 4.4
Sub-Saharan Africa 172.9 55.7 17.4
North Africa/Middle East 58.2 27.8 7.8
ROW 44.4 36.8 0.0