Table 3.

Factor loadings in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 173)

Items	Factor loading				h2
	F1	F2	F3	F4
Factor 1: pain during colonoscopy
12. I have pain when the colonoscope reaches flexion of the large intestine	0.958	−0.024	−0.255	0.094	0.757
11. I feel fear of the pain during colonoscopy before receiving it	0.716	−0.060	0.214	−0.045	0.645
13. I have abdominal tension and pain from the air supply	0.675	0.103	−0.038	0.019	0.505
28. I have pain because it is hard to insert a colonoscope at the time of bowel inflammation	0.582	0.019	0.134	−0.145	0.415
18. I am not understood by healthcare professionals even if I appeal for my pain during colonoscopy	0.451	−0.002	0.123	0.061	0.293
10. I have pain at the time of inserting the colonoscope due to anal fistula, stenosis, and adhesion	0.426	−0.073	0.090	−0.049	0.192
Factor 2: burden with bowel preparation
19. It is hard to take the laxative, and I seem to become ill-conditioned	−0.052	0.927	−0.030	−0.100	0.739
1. It is hard for me to take the laxative orally because it tastes bad	−0.074	0.852	−0.106	−0.014	0.596
3. I am worn out by frequent evacuation when I take the laxative	0.026	0.654	−0.024	0.110	0.492
30. I experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, anal ache, and bowel urgency when taking the laxative	0.174	0.480	0.196	−0.039	0.481
4. I worry about bowel incontinence on the way to the hospital or during colonoscopy	0.157	0.450	−0.004	0.161	0.377
Factor 3: anxiety and symptoms after colonoscopy
33. I am afraid when pain has been experienced during colonoscopy once	0.079	−0.009	0.673	−0.087	0.469
32. I worry about bleeding or perforation caused by colonoscopy	−0.009	−0.058	0.635	0.141	0.440
20. I am afraid of cancer being detected by colonoscopy	0.004	−0.039	0.540	−0.060	0.256
22. I worry about future treatment following colonoscopy	0.014	−0.090	0.522	0.098	0.279
26. I feel residual sleepiness or tiredness after colonoscopy	−0.172	0.292	0.442	0.040	0.344
16. I am afraid I will wake up if the sedative effect wears off during colonoscopy	0.055	−0.055	0.428	0.054	0.204
23. I experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, bleeding, or diarrhea after colonoscopy	0.155	0.130	0.411	−0.036	0.330
Factor 4: difficulty in taking time off to receive colonoscopy
31. It is hard for me to take time off to receive a colonoscopy	0.072	−0.037	−0.069	0.874	0.731
7. I trouble my co-workers or family members when I take time off to receive colonoscopy	−0.123	−0.027	0.125	0.791	0.654
8. It is difficult for me to adjust my schedule for receiving colonoscopy	0.003	0.099	0.041	0.705	0.586
Cumulative contribution ratio, %	26.443	35.175	41.341	46.591
Factor correlations
F2	0.436
F3	0.493	0.510
F4	0.217	0.369	0.356

Factor loadings of ≥0.4 are shown in bold. Calculations were performed using the maximum likelihood method and promax rotation.

F1, factor 1; F2, factor 2; F3, factor 3; F4, factor 4; h², commonality.