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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Resuscitation. 2025 Jan 23;208:110507. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110507

Table 1: Baseline patient characteristics.

Total Cohort BTE RLB
N 21,121 7,240 4,920
Median (IQR)
Age (years) 62.0 (52.0-70.0) 61.5 (52.0-70.0) 62.0 (52.0-70.0)
Weight (kg) 90.9 (77.3-113.4) 90.7 (77.3-113.4) 90.7 (79.2-113.4)
Dispatch to defib. (min.) 11.1 (8.3-15.8) 11.0 (8.3-15.3) 11.3 (8.2-16.2)
Initial energy (Joules) 200.0 (200.0-274.0) 200.0 (200.0-360.0) 200.0 (144.0-249.0)
Dose (J/kg) 2.3 (1.8-3.2) 2.8 (2.0-3.8) 2.0 (1.5-2.7)
Response time 6.0 (4.3-8.6) 6.0 (4.3-8.4) 6.0 (4.2-8.7)
n (%)
Sex
 Male 15,826 (75.0%) 5,441 (75.2%) 3,639 (74.0%)
 Female 5,283 (25.0%) 1,797 (24.8%) 1,278 (26.0%)
Witnessed
 No 5,502 (26.0%) 1,923 (26.6%) 1,295 (26.3%)
 Yes 13,494 (63.9%) 4,611 (63.7%) 3,139 (63.8%)
 Unknown 2,125 (10.1%) 706 (9.8%) 486 (9.9%)
Bystander CPR
 No 12,204 (57.8%) 4,206 (58.1%) 2,920 (59.3%)
 Yes 7,928 (37.5%) 2,801 (38.7%) 1,897 (38.6%)
 Unknown 989 (4.7%) 233 (3.2%) 103 (2.1%)
Rhythm
 Ventricular fibrillation 18,611 (88.1%) 6,361 (87.9%) 4,228 (85.9%)
 Ventricular tachycardia 1,386 (6.6%) 441 (6.1%) 389 (7.9%)
 Unknown AED shockable 1,124 (5.3%) 438 (6.0%) 303 (6.2%)
Etiology
 Cardiac 19,235 (91.1%) 6,620 (91.4%) 4,494 (91.3%)
 Respiratory/asphyxia 955 (4.5%) 315 (4.4%) 221 (4.5%)
 Other 926 (4.4%) 304 (4.2%) 205 (4.2%)
Location
 Home/residence 15,705 (74.4%) 5,337 (73.7%) 3,705 (75.3%)
 Public 5,416 (25.6%) 1,903 (26.3%) 1,215 (24.7%)
AED use PTA
 No 12,134 (57.5%) 4,050 (56.0%) 2,723 (55.4%)
 Yes 8,959 (42.5%) 3,180 (44.0%) 2,193 (44.6%)
Vascular access
 Intravenous 7,353 (34.8%) 2,355 (32.5%) 1,631 (33.2%)
 Intraosseous 12,233 (57.9%) 4,412 (60.9%) 2,979 (60.5%)
 None 1,535 (7.3%) 473 (6.5%) 310 (6.3%)
Airway
 Endotracheal intubation 9,747 (46.3%) 3,546 (49.0%) 1,946 (39.6%)
 i-gel 5,328 (25.3%) 1,805 (25.0%) 1,375 (28.0%)
 King-LT 2,766 (13.1%) 862 (11.9%) 766 (15.6%)
 LMA 434 (2.1%) 75 (1.0%) 253 (5.2%)
 No advanced airway 2,794 (13.3%) 945 (13.1%) 568 (11.6%)
ROSC
 No 12,099 (57.3%) 4,067 (56.2%) 2,840 (57.7%)
 Yes 9,022 (42.7%) 3,173 (43.8%) 2,080 (42.3%)
Survival to discharge
 No 2,004 (67.2%) 829 (66.6%) 515 (66.5%)
 Yes 977 (32.8%) 416 (33.4%) 260 (33.5%)
Survival to home
 No 2,306 (77.4%) 958 (76.9%) 609 (78.6%)
 Yes 675 (22.6%) 287 (23.1%) 166 (21.4%)

Kg = kilograms, J = Joules, CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation, AED = automated external defibrillator, PTA = prior to arrival, LT = laryngeal tube, LMA = laryngeal mask airway, ROSC = return of spontaneous circulation.