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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Resuscitation. 2025 Jan 23;208:110507. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110507

Table 3: Subgroup analyses.

DAG-guided adjustment ROSC aOR

[95% CI] per 1
J/kg increase		 Survival to discharge

aOR [95% CI] per 1 J/kg
increase
90-110 kg
Truncated exponential 		0.98 [0.88, 1.08]
n=2,251		 0.87 [0.68, 1.12]
n=373
90-110 kg
Rectilinear 		0.93 [0.77, 1.11]
n=1,488		 0.79 [0.49, 1.27]
n=252
90-110 kg
All waveforms 		1.02 [0.95, 1.08]
n=6,513		 0.92 [0.78, 1.08]
n=922
No AED use PTA
Truncated exponential 		0.97 [0.91, 1.04]
n=4,050		 0.94 [0.80, 1.10]
n=662
No AED use PTA
Rectilinear 		0.98 [0.88, 1.10]
n=2,723		 0.80 [0.59, 1.09]
n=448
No AED use PTA
All waveforms 		1.01 [0.97, 1.05]
n=12,134		 0.98 [0.88, 1.09]
n=1,664
Ventricular fibrillation
Truncated exponential 		0.96 [0.92, 1.01]
n=6,361		 0.97 [0.85, 1.10]
n=1,055
Ventricular fibrillation
Rectilinear 		1.00 [0.91, 1.09]
n=4,228		 0.83 [0.65, 1.08]
n=686
Ventricular tachycardia
Truncated exponential 		1.22 [1.02, 1.47]
n=441		 1.39 [0.91, 2.13]
n=91
Ventricular tachycardia
Rectilinear 		1.06 [0.79, 1.42]
n=389		 1.09 [0.40, 2.97]
n=49
Maximally adjusted model plus waveform type covariable *
All waveforms 		0.99 [0.95, 1.04]
n=12,105		 0.96 [0.86, 1.07]
n=2,018
*

For entire model, see Supplemental Table 3.

DAG = directed acyclic graph, ROSC = return of spontaneous circulation, aOR = adjusted odds ratio, kg = kilograms, AED = automated external defibrillator, PTA = prior to EMS arrival.