Table 5.
Baseline and follow-up (9 weeks later) mean comparisons, mean differences, and standardized effect sizes for participants’ anxiety, depression, and behavioral and emotional symptom scores following their use of the Clear Fear app in this uncontrolled pre– and post–follow-up study to evaluate the app’s usability, acceptability, safety, and effectiveness in helping young people manage symptoms of anxiety using the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy.
| Outcome measure | Baseline score (stage 1; n=48), mean (SD) | Follow-up score (stage 3; n=37), mean (SD) | Mean difference (SD) | Standardized effect size, Cohen dz | |
| Probable anxiety disorder (GAD-7a total) | 9.4 (4.5) | 7.5 (3.7) | –1.9 (4.1) | 0.46 | |
| Probable depression (short MFQb total) | 11.3 (5.4) | 8.7 (5.1) | –2.6 (5.2) | 0.50 | |
| Behavioral and emotional difficulties | 23.3 (4.8) | 16.6 (9.9) | –6.7 (8.3) | 0.80 | |
|
|
Emotional problems | 5.9 (2.1) | 3.9 (2.9) | –2.0 (2.5) | 0.80 |
|
|
Conduct problems | 2.7 (1.8) | 1.5 (1.2) | –1.2 (1.5) | 0.79 |
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|
Hyperactivity | 4.1 (1.9) | 3.3 (2.7) | –0.8 (2.3) | 0.34 |
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|
Peer problems | 3.1 (1.8) | 2.1 (1.9) | –1.0 (1.8) | 0.54 |
aGAD-7: 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale.
bMFQ: Mood and Feelings Questionnaire.