Table 2.
Antibiotics by class and spectrum of activity [31].
| Class of antibiotics, chemical name of antibiotic used among the cohort | Spectrum of activity (narrow/broad) | Antibiotics targets Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria | |||
| Cephalosporins and cephamycins | |||||
|
|
Cefaclor monohydrate | Moderate | Both | ||
|
|
Cefalexin | Moderate | Both | ||
|
|
Cefamandole nafate | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Cefazolin | Moderate | Both | ||
|
|
Cefoxitin sodium | Moderate | Both | ||
|
|
Ceftazidime | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Ceftriaxone | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Cefuroxime axetil | Moderate | Both | ||
|
|
Cefuroxime sodium | Moderate | Both | ||
|
|
Cephalothin sodium | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Cephradine | Broad | Both | ||
| Macrolides | |||||
|
|
Azithromycin | Broad | Positive | ||
|
|
Clarithromycin | Broad | Positive | ||
|
|
Erythromycin | Broad | Positive | ||
|
|
Erythromycin (as lactobionate) | Broad | Positive | ||
|
|
Erythromycin estolate | Broad | Positive | ||
|
|
Erythromycin ethyl succinate | Narrow | Positive | ||
|
|
Erythromycin stearate | Narrow | Positive | ||
|
|
Roxithromycin | Broad | Positive | ||
| Other antibiotics | |||||
|
|
Aztreonam | Broad | Negative | ||
|
|
Chloramphenicol | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Chloramphenicol sodium succinate | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Ciprofloxacin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Clindamycin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Colistin sulfomethate | Broad | Positive | ||
|
|
Fleroxacin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Framycetin sulfate | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Gentamicin sulfate | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Imipenem | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Levofloxacin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Lincomycin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Lincomycin hydrochloride | Narrow | Positive | ||
|
|
Moxifloxacin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Neomycin sulfate | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Ofloxacin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Paromomycin | Broad | Positive | ||
|
|
Pyrimethamine | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Sodium fusidate (fusidic acid) | Narrow | Both | ||
|
|
Spectinomycin hydrochloride | Moderate | Both | ||
|
|
Spiramycin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Sulfadiazine sodium | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Sulfadiazine | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Tobramycin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Triacetyloleandomycin | Broad | Positive | ||
|
|
Trimethoprim | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Vancomycin | Narrow | Positive | ||
| Penicillins | |||||
|
|
Amoxicillin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Amoxicillin clavulanate | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Benzathine benzylpenicillin | Narrow | Both | ||
|
|
Benzylpenicillin sodium (Penicillin G) | Narrow | Both | ||
|
|
Dicloxacillin | Narrow | Both | ||
|
|
Flucloxacillin | Narrow | Both | ||
|
|
Flucloxacillin magnesium | Narrow | Both | ||
|
|
Penicillin G benzathine (Benzathine benzylpenicillin) | Narrow | Both | ||
|
|
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin V) | Narrow | Both | ||
|
|
Piperacillin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Pivampicillin | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Pivmecillinam hydrochloride | Narrow | Both | ||
|
|
Procaine penicillin | Narrow | Both | ||
|
|
Ticarcillin | Broad | Both | ||
| Tetracyclines | |||||
|
|
Demeclocycline hydrochloride | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Doxycycline | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Lymecycline | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Minocycline hydrochloride | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Rolitetracycline | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Tetracycline | Broad | Both | ||
|
|
Tetracycline hydrochloride | Broad | Both | ||