. 2024 Aug 24;15(3):101080. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101080

Table 2.

Synergistic efficacy of halofuginone (HF) in combination with other drugs or therapies.

Types of cancers	Signal pathways	Other drugs or therapies	Refs.
Breast	TGF-β/BMP	Zoledronic	[9]
Epithelial	/	Chemotherapy	[52]
Epithelial	/	Surgery	[52]
Breast	p21^Cip1/p27^Kip1	ATS	[54]
Lung	/	Radiation therapy	[112]
cSCC	Nrf2/β-catenin and p-ERK1/2	Photodynamic therapy	[113]
Colorectal	p21^Cip1/p27^Kip1	ATS	[114]
Melanoma	p21^Cip1/p27^Kip1	ATS	[114]
Liver	p21^Cip1/p27^Kip1	ATS	[114]
Colorectal	Apoptosis and autophagy	ATS	[115]
MM	P38-MAPK/c-Jun	Dexamethasone	[116]
MM	P38-MAPK/JNK	Doxorubicin	[116]
MM	P38-MAPK/p53	Lenalidomide	[116]
MM	P38-MAPK/Hsp-27	Melphalan	[116]
Lung	/	Radiation therapy	[117]

/: no signaling pathway existing. TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; ATS: artemisinin; cSCC: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; p-ERK1/2: p-extracellular regulated kinase 2; MM: multiple myeloma; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase.