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. 2025 Mar 17;15:9052. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93806-8

Table 3.

Evaluation index system of manufacturing industry chain resilience.

Primary indicators Secondary indicators Tertiary indicators Methods of measurement Unit Causality
Industry chain resistance Scale Gross output Sum of output value by sub-sectors Million RMB +
Manufacturing value added/ person Manufacturing value added / Average annual employment in manufacturing Million RMB / Person +
Structure Rationalization of industrial structure Divide manufacturing into labor-intensive, capital-intensive, and technology-intensive categories, then calculate using the Theil entropy index / -
Advanced industrial structure Total output value of high-tech manufacturing / Total output value of mid-tech manufacturing % +
Open-door structure Export sophistication of manufacturing % +
Industry chain recovery Development effectiveness Labor productivity Manufacturing output value / Average annual employment in manufacturing Million RMB / Person +
Profitability Total profit of manufacturing / Main business revenue of manufacturing % +
Deficit Sum of losses by sub-sectors Million RMB -
Green development Composite index of environmental regulation Completed investment in industrial pollution control / Proportion of secondary industry / -
Energy consumption per unit of value added

Total energy consumption / Manufacturing value added

(Electricity consumption, wastewater discharge, and exhaust gas emissions)

Tons of standard coal /

RMB

-
Adjustment capacity Diversification index Reciprocal of the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI) / +
Specialization index Location entropy / +
Manufacturing employment Employment in private enterprises and self-employed individuals in manufacturing (10,000 persons) + Employment in urban units in manufacturing (10,000 persons) Million people +
Industry chain renewal Innovation capacity Intensity of R&D investment Internal expenditure on R&D in manufacturing Million RMB +
R&D expenditures Patent applications Number of patent applications in manufacturing Pcs +
Profitability of developing new products Sales revenue of new products in manufacturing / Expenditure on new product development in manufacturing % +
Innovation potential Percentage of main business income from high-tech Main business revenue of high-tech manufacturing / Main business revenue of manufacturing % +
Industrial Robot Penetration / Pcs / Person +
Percentage of technical staff R&D personnel in manufacturing / Average annual employment in manufacturing % +