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. 2025 Mar 17;15:9052. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93806-8

Table 7.

Benchmark regression results.

Variable (1) (2) (3)
MICR MICR MICR
SL

0.773***

(26.31)

0.737***

(15.17)

0.668***

(10.07)

IE

4.539***

(4.82)

4.704***

(4.96)

IS

0.000

(0.28)

0.000

(0.30)

FE

0.005

(1.17)

0.003

(0.45)

FDI

−0.030

(−1.31)

−0.060**

(−2.44)

EG

−0.099

(−1.22)

EI

−0.006*

(−1.69)

UR

0.345***

(3.42)

GD

−0.040

(−0.45)

Constant

0.003

(0.46)

0.010

(1.06)

−0.233*

(−1.82)

Year FE No Yes Yes
ID FE No Yes Yes
N 360 360 360
Adj R2 0.698 0.958 0.964

Note: * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01; t-values are clustered by province level and are shown in parentheses. These notation conventions apply to all subsequent tables and will not be repeated.