Table 3.
Hierarchical multiple regression analysis of mediating of social participation (N = 9,103).
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
| Retirement (ref. no) | -1.771*** (-8.33) | 0.159*** (5.73) | -1.725*** (-8.11) | |
| Social participation (0 - 7) | -0.250*** (-3.56) | |||
| Age (60 – 120) | -0.007 (-0.70) | 0.001 (0.08) | -0.009*** (-6.78) | 0.001 (-0.10) |
| Gender (ref. female) | -1.478*** (-8.97) | -1.437*** (-8.75) | -0.157*** (-7.50) | -1.477*** (-8.98) |
| Education (ref. < elementary school) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elementary school | -0.793*** (-4.55) | -0.702*** (-4.04) | 0.102*** (4.53) | -0.678*** (-3.90) |
| Middle school | -1.546*** (-8.09) | -1.269*** (-6.57) | 0.192*** (7.46) | -1.222*** (-6.31) |
| High school and above | -2.445*** (-10.63) | -1.967*** (-8.32) | 0.342*** (10.94) | -1.874*** (-7.88) |
| Marital status (ref. not married) | -1.372*** (-7.91) | -1.295*** (-7.49) | -0.049* (-2.27) | -1.307*** (-7.56) |
| Household type (ref. urban) | 1.840*** (1.67) | 0.816*** (4.09) | -0.088*** (-3.40) | 0.794*** (3.98) |
| Pension (ref. no) | 0.038 (0.19) | 0.090 (0.46) | 0.074** (3.06) | 0.112 (0.57) |
| Exercise (ref. no) | -0.828*** (-3.92) | -0.793*** (-3.76) | 0.337*** (13.79) | -0.715*** (-3.38) |
| Drink (ref. no) | -0.653*** (-4.37) | -0.645*** (-4.34) | 0.160*** (8.27) | -0.604*** (-4.04) |
| Smoke (ref. no) | 0.212 (1.25) | 0.200 (1.18) | 0.078*** (3.55) | 0.217 (1.28) |
| Cardiovascular disease (ref. no) | 2.548*** (13.57) | 2.557*** (13.67) | 0.058* (2.41) | 2.573*** (13.77) |
| _cons | 9.630*** (10.74) | 9.927*** (11.10) | 0.848*** (7.80) | 10.132*** (11.32) |
| N | 9103.000 | 9103.000 | 9103.000 | |
| r2_a | 0.118 | 0.079 | 0.120 | |
t statistics in parentheses. Ref., reference. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Model 1: dependent variable: depression; independent variables: demographic control variables. Model 2: dependent variable: depression; independent variables: demographic control variables and retirement. Model 3: dependent variable: social participation; independent variables: demographic control variables and retirement. Model 4: dependent variable: depression; independent variables: demographic control variables, retirement and social participation.