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. 2025 Mar 17;25:1022. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22215-3

Table 2.

The association of working conditions and pension availability with labor market exit for health reasons

Crude model Adjusted model p
Independent variables OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI)
Psychological Job demands 0.773 0.398
 Low 1 1
 High 0.89 (0.41–1.97) 0.80 (0.47–1.36)
Job control  < 0.001 0.037
 High 1 1
 Low 5.07 (2.64–9.72) 2.23 (1.05–4.73)
Physical demands  < 0.001 0.012
 Low 1 1
 High 4.98 (2.70–9.20) 2.72 (1.26–5.85)
Workplace justice 0.071 0.534
 High 1 1
 Low 2.04 (0.94–4.43) 0.82 (0.44–1.55)
Working hours 0.98 (0.87–1.10) 0.741 0.95 (0.87–1.03) 0.194
Pension 0.001 0.005
 Yes 1 1
 No 1.97 (1.37–2.84) 1.74 (1.19–2.54)

The model’s outcome was labor market exit for health reasons, as opposed to old age retirement. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were shown in univariate crude models and mutually adjusted models, with additional adjustments for gender, age, education, marital status, and household income