Appendix F. Mode of skull base reconstruction.
| Citation | Reconstruction not based on defect size | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of layers | Materials | Surgicel strips | Gauze | Gelo-foam | Fibrin glue/tissue sealant | Nasal pack | Sphenoid fat plug | |
| Babu et al, 2019 | 3 | F, FL, FMF /pedicled NSF | Y | – | – | Y | Y | – |
| Campbell et al, 2016 | 3 | Fa underlay, septal/septal MT flap, FMF/vascularized flap | – | – | Y | Y | Y | – |
| El Tarabishi et al, 2016 | 6 | F, Fa, tragal cartilage, B, FMF | Y | – | Y | Y | – | – |
| He and Zhen, 2022 | 3 | F, FMF, mucosal flap | – | Y | – | – | – | – |
| Jolly et al, 2023 | 2 | NSF/F and B/DuraGen/biodesign | Y | – | – | Y | Y | Y |
| Kirtane et al, 2012 | 2 | F and Fa | – | – | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Lopatin et al, 2003 | 2 | F and FL | – | – | – | Y | Y | – |
| Lopatin et al, 2011 | 2 | F/nasal septum cartilage/ | – | – | – | Y | Y | – |
| Maxfield et al, 2020 | 2 | Cartilage/alloderm and FMF/alloderm/NSF/conchal perichondrium | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Muscatello et al, 2010 | 2 | Collagenous matrix underlay and MP flap overlay | – | – | – | Y | – | – |
| Nix et al, 2016 | 4 | F, FL, F, NSF | – | – | – | Y | Y | – |
| Rathod et al, 2021 | 2 | MT/ethmoid bone graft and FL overlay | Y | – | Y | Y | N | Y |
| Sreenath et al, 2021 | 1 | Free mucosal MT/nasal floor graft | Y | – | – | Y | Y | |
| Tabaee et al, 2010 | 2 | NSF, and FL /MT/F/temporalis fascia/dural substitute | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tomazic and Stammberger, 2009 | 3 or4 | FL, FL/AF, cartilage | – | – | – | Y | Y | Y |
| Ulu et al, 2018 | 4 | AF, pedicled NSF/MT flap, AFa, balloon stent | – | – | – | Y | – | – |
| Xu et al, 2022 | 4 | Artificial dura, F, FMF, B | – | Y | Y | Y | – | – |
| Zocchi et al, 2020 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Zoli et al, 2016 | 3 | FL, MP, B/F | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lubbe et al, 2020 | 4 | AF, DuraGen seal, MP, AF | – | – | – | – | Y | – |
| Ramakrishna et al, 2016 | 2 | Dural patch of irradiated cadaveric dermis and NSF | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Abbreviations: AF, abdominal fat; AFa, abdominal fascia; B, bone; F, fat; Fa, fascia; FL, fascia lata, FMF, free mucosal flap; MT, middle turbinate; MP, mucoperiosteum; NSF, nasoseptal flap.
Note: Y = yes, N = no, “–" = not reported.