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. 2013 Sep 21;30(3):153–158. doi: 10.1016/j.kjms.2013.08.007

Table 3.

Complications according to the modified Clavien system.

Grade Pneumatic (n = 117) Laser (n = 113) p
0 83 (71%) 87 (77%) 0.296*
I 11 (9.4%) 10 (8.8%) 0.884
 Small mucosal laceration (without leakage), extravasation 7 4
 Hematuria 4 5
 Subcabsular hematoma 0 1
II Urinary tract infection with signs of bacteremia 5 (4.2%) 8 (7.1%) 0.357*
IIIa 6 (5.1%) 3 (2.7%) 0.5**
 Ureteral perforation, treated with DJ stent 3 2
 PCN tube placement, ureteral obstruction after removing ureteral catheter 3 1
IIIb 11 (9.4%) 4 (3.5%) 0.072*
 Bleeding leading to termination of the procedure 5 3
 PNL 2 0
 Open surgery 2 0
 Ureteric stricture 2 0
 Percutaneous drainage of urinoma 0 1
IVb Urosepsis 1 (0.9%) 1 (0.9%)

Data are presented as n or n (%).

DJ = double‐J; PCN = percutaneous nephrostomy; PNL = percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

*Chi‐square test.

**Fisher's exact test.